Incorporation of n-3 PUFA and γ-linolenic acid in blood lipids and red blood cell lipids together with their influence on disease activity in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis - a randomized controlled human intervention trial

Dawczynski, Christine; Hackermeier, Ursula; Viehweger, Martin; Stange, Rainer; Springer, Monika; Jahreis, Gerhard

doi:10.1186/1476-511X-10-130

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 4 Fatty acid distribution in erythrocyte membranes (EM) at baseline and after a 12 wk intake of the capsules^a,b

From: Incorporation of n-3 PUFA and γ-linolenic acid in blood lipids and red blood cell lipids together with their influence on disease activity in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis - a randomized controlled human intervention trial

EM (% FAME)	wks	n-3 LC-PUFA (group 1)	GLA (group 2)	n-3 LC-PUFA + GLA (group 3)	Control (olive oil) (group 4)
C16:0	0	21.5 ± 2.42	19.9 ± 6.94	24.5 ± 6.69	21.9 ± 1.63
	12	22.8 ± 1.45*	22.7 ± 2.44	21.6 ± 3.26	21.9 ± 2.46
C16:1	0	0.30 ± 0.05	0.30 ± 0.08	0.35 ± 0.16	0.36 ± 0.18
	12	0.31 ± 0.11	0.39 ± 0.18	0.44 ± 0.44	0.39 ± 0.19
C18:0	0	15.3 ± 0.92	15.4 ± 1.14	15.1 ± 1.74	15.7 ± 1.23
	12	15.3 ± 1.75	14.6 ± 2.42	14.7 ± 2.56	15.4 ± 1.11
C18:1 n9	0	14.6 ± 1.78	14.5 ± 1.41	14.1 ± 1.55	13.9 ± 1.36
	12	13.5 ± 0.99*	13.1 ± 1.20	13.3 ± 1.92	13.9 ± 1.41
C18:2 n-6	0	7.77 ± 0.79	8.09 ± 0.83	7.14 ± 1.66	8.13 ± 1.23
(LA)	12	7.18 ± 0.98*	7.73 ± 1.39	7.27 ± 1.55	8.14 ± 0.88
C18:3 n-6	0	0.06 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.01
(GLA)	12	0.04 ± 0.02***	0.15 ± 0.05***	0.07 ± 0.03*	0.04 ± 0.01
C18:3 n-3	0	0.13 ± 0.07	0.15 ± 0.05	0.12 ± 0.07	0.12 ± 0.05
(ALA)	12	0.08 ± 0.03**	0.09 ± 0.03*	0.10 ± 0.06	0.10 ± 0.03
C20:3 n-6	0	1.21 ± 0.28	1.23 ± 0.16	0.99 ± 0.29	1.24 ± 0.18
(DGLA)	12	0.95 ± 0.20***	2.12 ± 0.51***	1.37 ± 0.30**	1.25 ± 0.16
C20:4 n-6	0	12.96 ± 2.44	12.6 ± 1.80	11.27 ± 3.82	12.3 ± 1.73
(AA)	12	11.08 ± 2.03***	12.0 ± 1.91	10.40 ± 3.26	11.6 ± 2.39
C20:5 n-3	0	0.59 ± 0.24	0.71 ± 0.44	0.62 ± 0.35	0.68 ± 0.36
(EPA)	12	2.00 ± 0.87***	0.53 ± 0.34	1.09 ± 0.69*	0.55 ± 0.33
C22:5 n-3	0	1.46 ± 0.26	1.54 ± 0.32	1.23 ± 0.51	1.45 ± 0.33
(DPA)	12	2.17 ± 0.43***	1.38 ± 0.54	1.56 ± 0.59	1.36 ± 0.41
C22:6 n-3	0	2.51 ± 0.61	2.68 ± 1.12	2.51 ± 1.22	2.65 ± 0.78
(DHA)	12	3.47 ± 0.89**	2.70 ± 1.48	2.65 ± 1.16	2.47 ± 0.94
AA/EPA	0	25.1 ± 10.1	28.4 ± 25.6	35.6 ± 49.0	24.2 ± 14.5
	12	7.17 ± 4.66***	43.8 ± 48.4	16.0 ± 15.3	27.4 ± 13.7
n-3 LC-PUFA	0	4.56 ± 0.94	4.93 ± 1.73	4.36 ± 1.97	4.77 ± 1.28
	12	7.64 ± 2.01***	4.61 ± 2.26	5.29 ± 2.17	4.38 ± 1.60
n-3 index	0	3.10 ± 0.82	3.39 ± 1.48	3.13 ± 1.48	3.32 ± 1.02
	12	5.47 ± 1.66***	3.23 ± 1.81	3.73 ± 1.63	3.02 ± 1.23
n-3 PUFA	0	4.77 ± 0.93	5.17 ± 1.61	4.56 ± 1.88	4.91 ± 1.30
	12	7.76 ± 1.99***	4.73 ± 2.26	5.43 ± 2.17	4.52 ± 1.56
n-6 PUFA	0	22.2 ± 2.22	22.1 ± 1.71	19.6 ± 5.54	21.9 ± 2.32
	12	19.3 ± 2.19***	22.1 ± 2.20	19.3 ± 4.13	21.2 ± 2.65
n-6/n-3	0	4.79 ± 0.90	4.69 ± 1.61	4.95 ± 2.34	4.74 ± 1.34
	12	2.70 ± 0.96***	6.29 ± 4.16	4.18 ± 1.95	5.16 ± 1.56
SFA	0	40.5 ± 3.04	39.1 ± 7.63	45.1 ± 9.16	41.4 ± 2.97
	12	42.3 ± 2.97*	42.2 ± 6.13	41.5 ± 5.21	42.3 ± 5.63
MUFA	0	20.8 ± 1.98	20.9 ± 1.24	20.6 ± 1.14	20.9 ± 1.30
	12	20.3 ± 0.67	19.8 ± 1.02*	20.2 ± 1.67	20.9 ± 1.34
PUFA	0	28.2 ± 2.63	28.4 ± 2.38	25.4 ± 7.10	28.0 ± 2.59
	12	28.3 ± 2.05	28.0 ± 4.07	26.0 ± 5.42	26.8 ± 3.58
CLA	0	0.86 ± 0.37	0.71 ± 0.24	0.78 ± 0.28	0.73 ± 0.23
	12	0.71 ± 0.21	0.62 ± 0.16	0.72 ± 0.26	0.71 ± 0.17

^a Fatty acids were separated gas chromatographically as corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
^b Data are expressed as mean ± SD of % total FAME.
* Significantly different compared to the start value (p ≤ 0.05); ** (p ≤ 0.01); *** (p ≤ 0.001).
LA linoleic acid, GLA γ-linolenic acid, ALA α-linolenic acid, DGLA dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, AA arachidonic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, DPA docosapentaenoic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, SFA saturated fatty acids, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, CLA conjugated fatty acids.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1476-511X

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com