Figure 1
From: Fructose impairs glucose-induced hepatic triglyceride synthesis
Fructose increases glucose-stimulated triglyceride synthesis. Metabolomic studies in HepG2 cells treated with either glucose (5.5 or 11 mM) alone or or admixed glucose (5.5 or 11.1 mM) and fructose (5.5 mM) concentrations depicting enrichment of 13C labeled acetyl units reflecting synthesis, elongation and desaturation of new lipid fractions as determined by mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) (a) extracellular palmitate and (b) oleate. Photomicrographs (c) and quantitation (d) of of oil-red-O staining in human HepG2 cells following incubation (72h) in fructose (0.55 mM) and glucose (5.5 & 11.1 mM) alone or admixed glucose (5.5 or 11.1 mM) and fructose (0.55 mM) concentrations. (e) Relative Acetyl CoA enrichment from the [1,2-13C2] D-glucose. G; glucose; F, fructose. *, p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.