Table 1 Enzymes of the mevalonate pathway and their mutant or RNAi phenotypes in C. elegans.

1

Acetyl-CoA transferase 1 (ACAT1)

1e-115

T02G5.8

kat-1

Embryonic lethal (RNAi); Excess fat and premature aging (mutants)

[31, 33, 45, 46]

2

HMG-CoA synthase

(HMGCS1)

2e-88

F25B4.6

Embryonic lethal (RNAi)

[31, 33, 47]

3

HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)

1e-111

F08F8.2

Embryonic lethal (RNAi); embryonic lethality, unfolded protein response activation, mislocalized prenylation reporter (statin treatment)

[7, 31–33]

4

Mevalonate kinase (MVK)

3e-51

Y42G9A.4

mvk-1

Embryonic lethal (RNAi)

[31, 32]

5

Phosphomevalonate kinase (PMVK)

5e-33

F32D8.13

Embryonic lethal (RNAi)

[32, 33]

6

Mevalonate (diphospho) decarboxylase (MVD)

2e-61

Y48B6A.13

Embryonic lethal (RNAi)

[48]

7

Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI1)

7e-32

K06H7.9

idi-1

Embryonic lethal (RNAi); larval paralysis and lethality, defect in engulfment of apoptotic corpses (mutant)

[8, 33]

8

Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS)

4e-52

R06C1.2

fdps-1

Embryonic lethal (RNAi)

[33]

9

tRNA isopentenyldiphosphate transferase (TRIT1)

9e-49

ZC395.6

gro-1

Maternal sterility (RNAi); deregulated developmental, behavioral, and reproductive rates, as well as increased life span (mutant)

[11, 33]

10

prenyl (decaprenyl) diphosphate synthase, subunit 1 (PDSS1 or COQ1)

2e-72

C24A11.9

coq-1

Slow growth, uncoordinated, extended life span (RNAi); larval development arrest, slowed pharyngeal pumping, eventual paralysis and cell death (mutant)

[18, 19, 32]

11

4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase (COQ2)

2e-83

F57B9.4

coq-2

Extended life span (RNAi); larval development arrest, slowed pharyngeal pumping, eventual paralysis and cell death (mutant)

[18, 19]

12

Dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase (DHDDS)

7e-55

T01G1.4

No data

13

Polyprenol reductase or steroid 5 alpha-reductase 3 (SRD5A3)

6e-14

B0024.13

No RNAi phenotype

[31, 33]

14

Farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, subunit alpha (FNTA)

1e-55

R02D3.5

fnta-1

Protruding vulva, egg-laying abnormal (RNAi)

[31, 32]

15

Farnesyltransferase, subunit beta (FNTB)

3e-90

F23B12.6

fntb-1

No phenotype (RNAi)

[31, 33]

16

All-trans-GGPP synthase or geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase

1e-6/5e-05

C24A11.9/R06C1.2

coq-1 and fdps-1 are the closest homologs

See coq-1 and fdps-1

17

Protein geranylgeranyl transferase type-1 subunit beta (PGGT1B)

3e-73

Y48E1B.3

Larval lethal, larval arrest, postembryonic development abnormal (RNAi)

[31, 33]

18

Rab geranylgeranyltransferase type 2 subunit alpha (RABGGTA)

5e-55

M57.2

Larval lethal, larval arrest, slow growth and induction of unfolding protein response (UPR)(RNAi)

[7, 31, 32]

19

Rab geranylgeranyltransferase type 2 subunit beta (RABGGTB)

1e-110

B0280.1

ggtb-1

Abnormal early embryo, developmental delay (RNAi)

[33]

20

Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1)

none

none

N/A

N/A