Fatty acid distribution of cord and maternal blood in human pregnancy: special focus on individual trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids

Table 1 Daily intake of energy and dietary fatty acids estimated by food frequency questionnaires and regarding calculated dairy fat intake (n = 41)

	Total (n = 41)				Dairy fat intake < 40 g/d (n = 27)		Dairy fat intake > 40 g/d (n = 14)		P¹
Reported daily dairy fat intake g/d	36.7 ± 16.5				27.1 ± 7.88		56.3 ± 11.8		###
Kcal	2544	± 595			2463	± 561	2699	± 649
Energy intake, MJ/d	10.6	± 2.49			10.3	± 2.35	11.3	± 2.72
Carbohydrates, g/d (en%)	244	± 60.9	(40.5	± 5.60)	247	± 57.7	237	± 68.6
Protein, g/d (en%)	106	± 35.4	(17.4	± 3.16)	101	± 32.3	115	± 40.5
Fat, g/d (en%)	124	± 33.4	(45.5	± 4.74)	116	± 30.1	140	± 34.9	#
SFA, g/d (en%)	53.9	± 14.1	(19.2	± 2.94)	48.3	± 11.5	64.8	± 12.4	###
MUFA, g/d (en%)	45.8	± 13.5	(16.1	± 2.07)	43.5	± 12.1	50.3	± 15.3
PUFA, g/d (en%)	16.9	± 6.25	(5.90	± 1.36)	17.1	± 6.22	16.7	± 6.54
n-3 PUFA, g/d	1.67	± 0.54			1.50	± 0.53	2.00	± 0.38	##
n-6 PUFA, g/d	10.2	± 3.97			9.88	± 3.64	10.8	± 4.64
Short chain FA, g/d	2.11	± 1.02			1.54	± 0.60	3.20	± 0.72	###
Medium chain FA, g/d	1.88	± 0.74			1.51	± 0.56	2.58	± 0.52	###
Long chain FA, g/d	78.1	± 25.8			68.7	± 20.8	96.2	± 25.5	##
LC-PUFA, g/d	0.42	± 0.26			0.41	± 0.28	0.45	± 0.21
n-3 LC-PUFA, g/d	0.32	± 0.22			0.30	± 0.24	0.34	± 0.18
n-6 LC-PUFA, g/d	0.24	± 0.11			0.23	± 0.12	0.25	± 0.09
C18:1 t 11²	0.37	± 0.16			0.27	± 0.08	0.56	± 0.12	###

Mean ± SD; SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.
¹ Means are significantly different between low and high dairy fat intake (t-Test): # P < 0.05; ## P < 0.01; ### P < 0.001.
² Calculated with 1% t 11 of dairy fat [21].

ISSN: 1476-511X