Figure 1
From: Palmitic and linoleic acids induce ER stress and apoptosis in hepatoma cells
Effects of palmitic and linoleic acids on apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and calcium flux in H4IIE liver cells. Rat liver cells were treated with thapsigargin (TG), palmitic acid (PA, 250 μM), linoleic acid (LA, 250 μM) alone or the combination of PA (250 μM) and LA (125 or 250 μM) for 16 hours. The cells were treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as Control group. (A) Apoptotic index was measured by determining the cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments with an ELISA assay. (B) The caspase-3 level was detected according to a colorimetric assay that measures the extent of cleavage of a caspase-specific peptide derivatized with p-nitroalanine. (C) The calcium level was determined with the Fluo-4 NW calcium assay kit. a: P < 0.05 compared to Control; b: P < 0.05 compared to PA; c: P < 0.05 compared to TG; d: P < 0.05 compared to LA; e: P < 0.05 compared to PA+LA (125uM) after Bonferroni adjustment. n = 6 in each group.