Figure 3

Activation of PPARγ by sphingoids. The ability of 2.5 and 10 μg/mL of sphingoids or 26 μg/mL glucosylceramide to bind and activate PPARγ was measured using a receptor cofactor assay system. As positive control, 8 mM of GW1929 was used. Horseradish peroxidase activity was normalized to the absorption at 450 nm. All the results are shown as mean ± SD values (n = 3). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, significantly different from the levels in vehicle-treated control cells.