Inhibition of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages by resveratrol, a potent proteasome inhibitor

Table 4 Resveratrol, pterostilbene, morin hydrate, nicotinic acid, and quercetin inhibit expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS genes in peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice ¹

NO	Treatments	RT-PCR data (Ratios of digital values of optical density of gene expression of cytokines/β-actin).
NO	Treatments	TNF-α	IL-1β	IL-6	iNOS
1	Media + Cells = A	0.05	0.05	0.1	0.2
2	A + LPS (10 ng/well) = B	0.62	8.27	14.45	7.76
3	B + 0.4 % DMSO = C	0.74 ± 0.11^a (100)²	10.68 ± 1.18^a (100)²	15.68 ± 1.13^a (100)²	9.85 ± 1.04^a (100)²
4	C + Resveratrol (40.0 μM)	0.28 ± 0.06^c (38)	3.25 ± 0.97^b (30)	4.43 ± 1.23^b,c (28)	7.18 ± 0.88^b (73)
5	C + Pterostilbene (40.0 μM)	0.35 ± 0.08^b (47)	3.55 ± 1.00^b (33)	5.08 ± 0.76^b,c (32)	6.68 ± 1.10^b (68)
6	C + Morin hydrate (40.0 μM)	0.32 ± 0.09^c (43)	3.75 ± 1.04^b (35)	5.68 ± 1.09^b (36)	7.28 ± 0.97^b (74)
7	C + Nicotinic acid (40.0 μM)	0.65 ± 0.11^a (88)	9.74 ± 1.33^a (91)	12.76 ± 0.91^a (81)	8.17 ± 1.05^a (83)
8	C + Quercetin (40.0 μM)	0.30 ± 0.12^c (41)	3.63 ± 1.40^b (34)	6.10 ± 0.77^b (39)	7.12 ± 1.07^b (72)

¹Thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal macrophages from 8-week-old BALB/c mice were treated with resveratrol, pterostilbene, morin hydrate, nicotinic acid, or quercetin (40 μM) for 1 h, followed by treatment with LPS (10 ng/well) for 4 h. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and the resulting DNA was amplified and analyzed by real time PCR to quantitate expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS genes [5, 21]. Cell viability was >95 % in all the treatments. Data are means ± SD, n = 3 (triplicate analysis of each sample).
²Percentages of digital values of relative optical density of each cytokine/β-actin of each treatment are in parenthesis.
^a-cValues in a column not sharing a common superscript letter are significantly different at P < 0.05.

ISSN: 1476-511X