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Table 1 Effects of acetic acid or pomegranate vinegar supplementation on the body weight gain, calorie intake, fat weight, and lipid profile in plasma and liver in Sprague Dawley rats fed a high fat diet for 16 weeks

From: Pomegranate vinegar attenuates adiposity in obese rats through coordinated control of AMPK signaling in the liver and adipose tissue

 

HF

AL

AH

VL

VH

Body weight gain (g/16 weeks)

268.6 ± 10.6a

247.2 ± 10.3ab

230.5 ± 5.1b

235.3 ± 12.8b

259.6 ± 12.3ab

Calorie intake (kcal/day)

107.8 ± 2.2

104.1 ± 3.1

107.4 ± 1.5

104.1 ± 3.1

106.2 ± 1.8

WAT mass (g/100 g BW)

     

Epididymal WAT

3.4 ± 0.1a

3.4 ± 0.0ab

3.3 ± 0.0ab

3.0 ± 0.1b

3.2 ± 0.1ab

Perirenal WAT

4.8 ± 0.2a

4.5 ± 0.1ab

4.3 ± 0.1b

4.3 ± 0.1b

4.4 ± 0.1ab

Plasma TG (mg/dL)

186.6 ± 8.9a

155.5 ± 10.8b

152.7 ± 8.1b

154.6 ± 10.4b

164.6 ± 10.1b

Plasma leptin (ng/mL)

10.2 ± 0.5

10.20 ± 0.9

9.9 ± 0.4

8.5 ± 0.4

9.84 ± 0.6

Hepatic TG (mg/g liver)

36.7 ± 4.5a

30.8 ± 3.0ab

30.0 ± 4.7ab

23.8 ± 1.9b

28.4 ± 3.1ab

  1. Mean ± SEM (n = 10 per group). abMeans not sharing common letters are significantly different between groups at p < 0.05 by Duncan’s multiple range tests. BW, body weight; WAT, white adipose tissue; TG, triglycerides; HF, high fat diet; AL, high fat with HF, high fat diet; AL, HF with low-dose acetic acid; AH, HF with high-dose acetic acid; VL, HF with low-dose PV; VH, HF with high-dose PV.