Fiber-free white flour with fructose offers a better model of metabolic syndrome

Table 2 Effect of different diets on parameters of metabolic syndrome at 4 weeks

Parameters of metabolic syndrome	Whole wheat flour diet	Refined wheat flour diet	Fructose and whole wheat flour diet	Fructose and refined wheat flour diet
BP (mmHg)	136 ± 3.78^ab	125 ± 2.65^ab	154 ± 3.78^c	145 ± 4.54^ac
FBS (mg/dl)	95 ± 8.02^a	100 ± 12.05^a	121 ± 10.9^ab	156 ± 10.1^b
Chol (mg/dl)	69 ± 5.28^a	69 ± 5.97^a	67 ± 3.98^a	60 ± 2.57^a
TGL (mg/dl)	38 ± 2.40^a	36 ± 3.87^a	38 ± 2.17^a	41 ± 3.97^a
LDL (mg/dl)	13 ± 1.77^a	12 ± 1.91^a	16 ± 1.69^a	12 ± 1.52^a
HDL (mg/dl)	54 ± 4.89^a	48 ± 4.57^a	60 ± 3.2^ab	40 ± 3.39^ac
CRP (mg/dl)	0.17 ± 0.018^a	0.20 ± 0.014^a	0.14 ± 0.01^a	0.15 ± 0.01^a
Insulin (ng/dl)	3.2 ± 0.54^a	4.9 ± 0.84^a	2.6 ± 0.49^a	14.8 ± 1.87^b

Blood pressure (BP), Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Total cholesterol (Chol), Triglycerides (TGL), Low density lipoproteins (LDL), High density lipoproteins (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum insulin expressed as Means ± SEM.
^abc Within rows, between control and treated animals, means with different superscript letters differ significantly (p < 0.05).

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