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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the DGPLEAD study overall and by combination antiretroviral therapy

From: Cardiometabolic risk factors among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy

  

Combination antiretroviral therapy

 

Variable

Overall (n = 118)

AZT+3TC+NVP (n = 58)

D4T+3TC+NVP (n = 43)

Other ‡ (n = 17)

P*

Age, years†

35.0 ± 7.9

36.7 ± 7.5

33.3 ± 7.3

33.5 ± 9.7

0.07

Gender, % female

55.9

41.4

72.1

64.7

0.01

BMI, kg/m2

20.2 ± 2.7

20.2 ± 2.7

20.0 ± 2.4

20.3 ± 3.5

0.86

BMI, %

     

< 18.5 kg/m2

29.7

27.6

27.9

41.2

0.63

18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2

63.6

67.2

65.1

47.1

 

≥ 25.0 kg/m2

6.8

5.2

7.0

11.8

 

Weight, kg

54.9 ± 8.7

57.2 ± 9.0

51.9 ± 7.1

54.4 ± 9.7

0.01

Height, m

1.65 ± 0.08

1.68 ± 0.07

1.61 ± 0.07

1.64 ± 0.07

< 0.001

Waist circumference, cm

72.9 ± 6.7

73.8 ±7.2

72.7 ± 6.0

70.2 ± 6.3

0.16

Hip circumference, cm

89.1 ± 7.0

90.1 ± 7.4

88.1 ± 6.2

88.2 ± 7.7

0.32

MUAC, cm

24.9 ± 2.6

25.4 ± 2.7

24.2 ± 2.1

24.9 ± 2.9

0.06

Current smoker, % †

4.4

7.1

2.3

0.0

0.33

Current drinker, % †

9.6

14.3

4.7

6.3

0.24

Total energy intake, kcal/day

1750 ± 651

1840 ± 641

1620 ± 604

1770 ± 773

0.25

Total fat, % energy/day

31.7 ± 10.8

29.3 ± 9.5

34.0 ± 11.2

34.5 ± 12.4

0.05

MUFA, % energy/day

9.1 ± 3.5

8.3 ± 3.0

9.8 ± 4.2

9.8 ± 3.1

0.07

PUFA, % energy/day

14.1 ± 5.9

12.8 ± 5.0

15.2 ± 5.9

15.4 ± 7.9

0.07

Saturated fat, % energy/day

6.3 ± 2.5

6.0 ± 2.5

6.6 ± 2.7

6.8 ± 2.4

0.37

Carbohydrates, % energy/day

56.1 ± 12.4

58.0 ± 11.5

54.2 ± 12.8

54.5 ± 14.3

0.27

Proteins, % energy/day

12.9 ± 3.9

13.4 ± 4.2

12.6 ± 4.0

12.0 ± 2.2

0.34

CD4 count, cells/μL

136 ± 50

137 ± 45

133 ± 51

138 ± 65

0.87

CRP, mg/L †

9.48 [2.04, 25.94]

5.62 [1.31, 17.36]

16.62 [5.51, 44.31]

4.05 [1.64, 25.62]

0.01

CRP ≥ 3.0 mg/L, % †

70.4

63.5

84.6

58.8

0.05

Albumin, g/dL †

3.11 ± 0.71

3.44 ± 0.59

2.67 ± 0.64

3.14 ± 0.67

< 0.001

Albumin < 3.5 g/dL, % †

65.7

48.1

89.7

64.7

< 0.001

Creatinine ≥ 2.0 mg/dL, % †

0.93

0.0

2.6

0.0

0.41

Fasting insulin, μU/mL †

3.00 [1.90, 5.40]

3.00 [2.00, 5.00]

3.00 [1.50, 5.00]

2.60 [1.20, 5.90]

0.80

Fasting glucose, mmol/L †

3.80 [3.40, 4.10]

3.90 [3.60, 4.30]

3.70 [3.40, 4.10]

3.60 [3.00, 3.90]

0.02

HOMA-IR

0.51 [0.30, 0.98]

0.53 [0.33, 0.93]

0.50 [0.28, 1.00]

0.45 [0.16, 0.98]

0.63

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

3.56 ± 0.83

3.68 ± 0.75

3.42 ± 0.92

3.52 ± 0.86

0.27

Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.02 [0.85, 1.37]

1.01 [0.86, 1.33]

1.16 [0.88, 1.60]

0.95 [0.77, 1.05]

0.15

LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

2.12 ± 0.75

2.26 ± 0.62

1.93 ± 0.89

2.10 ± 0.68

0.10

HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L

0.72 [0.52, 1.09]

0.80 [0.61, 1.15]

0.65 [0.34, 0.92]

0.76 [0.57, 1.03]

0.08

TC:HDL-c ratio

4.77 [3.51, 6.30]

4.54 [3.44, 5.84]

5.32 [3.97, 8.93]

4.34 [3.33, 5.82]

0.15

  1. DGPLEAD, Diet, Genetic Polymorphisms in Lipid-Metabolizing Enzyme genes, and Antiretroviral Therapy-Related Dyslipidemia; BMI, Body Mass Index; MUAC, Mid Upper Arm Circumference; MUFA, Monounsaturated Fatty Acids; PUFA, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; CRP, C-reactive Protein; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; TC, Total Cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
  2. Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation, median [25th percentile, 75th percentile] or percent.
  3. ‡ AZT + 3TC + EFV, D4T + 3TC + EFV, TDF + FTC + EFV, or TDF+FTC+NVP.
  4. * P-values for the comparison between cART regimens were obtained through one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables and from Chi-square tests for categorical variables.
  5. † Variables with missing values – 1 for glucose, 2 for age, 3 for both smoking and alcohol status, 10 for CRP, albumin and creatinine and 20 for insulin.