Figure 1

Cyclic expression of BMAL1 and lipogenic proteins in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Protein expression of BMAL1 (A), FAS (B), and PPAR-γ (C) in the CON group (open circle with a dashed line) and the RF group (closed circle with a solid line) is shown. (A) The peak BMAL1 protein expression occurred at ZT 15 in the CON group, but BMAL1 protein expression in the RF group did not change. 2-way ANOVA: time (p < 0.05), time by treatment (p < 0.01). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. ZT15 in the CON group. ^##p < 0.01 vs. ZT15 in the RF group. (B) The peak FAS protein expression occurred at ZT 18 in the RF group, but FAS protein expression in the CON group did not change. 2-way ANOVA: treatment (p < 0.01), time (p < 0.01), time by treatment (p < 0.05). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. ZT18 in the RF group. ^##p < 0.01 vs. ZT18 in the CON group. (C) PPAR-γ protein expression in the RF group was significantly higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.01). 2-way ANOVA: treatment (p < 0.01).