Table 1 Baseline characteristics of demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors of subjects according to gender and dry eye diseses
From: Total cholesterol and lipoprotein composition are associated with dry eye disease in Korean women
Male | Female | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-DED (n = 2292) | DED (n = 116) | P-value | Non-DED (n = 2804) | DED (n = 415) | P-value | |
Age (years) | 44.2 ± 0.5 | 47 ± 1.9 | 0.2729 | 46.2 ± 0.5 | 44.9 ± 1.1 | 0.1566 |
Residential district (% rural) | 21.8(3.3) | 22.2(5.3) | 0.9171 | 23.4(3.5) | 14.4(3.1) | 0.0007 |
Monthly income (% lowest quartile) | 14.9(1.1) | 13.3(3.8) | 0.6809 | 19.3(1.2) | 18.4(2.5) | 0.7324 |
Education (% some college≥) | 36.7(1.6) | 37.9(5.7) | 0.8314 | 28.9(1.4) | 28.7(2.9) | 0.9368 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24 ± 0.1 | 23.8 ± 0.3 | 0.0156 | 23.3 ± 0.1 | 22.7 ± 0.2 | 0.5919 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 84.9 ± 0.9 | 84.2 ± 0.9 | 0.0063 | 78.1 ± 0.3 | 76.4 ± 0.6 | 0.593 |
Smoker (%) | 42.3(1.2) | 39.8(5.7) | 0.648 | 5.5(0.6) | 3.6(1.3) | 0.2473 |
Heavy-drinker (%) | 18.2(0.9) | 13.3(3.7) | 0.2571 | 1.8(0.3) | 1.5(0.9) | 0.7757 |
Exercise (% yes) | 25.7(1.2) | 23.8(5) | 0.7217 | 20.3(1.1) | 16(2.4) | 0.1141 |
Menopause (% yes) | NA | NA | NA | 35.5(1.5) | 38.3(3.1) | 0.4255 |
Symptoms of DED (% yes) | 8(1) | 81.3(4.7) | <.0001 | 12.1(1.1) | 81.4(3) | <.0001 |
Diabetes (% yes) | 11(0.9) | 10.9(3.3) | 0.9851 | 9.1(0.8) | 8.9(1.6) | 0.8944 |
Hypertension (% yes) | 31(1.5) | 27.3(5.7) | 0.5244 | 46.5(1.4) | 48.3(3.3) | 0.6178 |
Rheumatoid arthritis history (% yes) | 1.6(0.4) | 1.4(1.1) | 0.8616 | 3.1(0.4) | 3.2(0.9) | 0.9261 |
Any ophthalmic surgery (% yes) | 7.8(0.6) | 24.6(5.1) | <.0001 | 13.5(0.8) | 24.1(2.4) | <.0001 |
Mean SBP (mmHg) | 122 ± 0.5 | 121.2 ± 1.7 | 0.3422 | 117.4 ± 0.6 | 116.3 ± 1 | 0.6275 |
Mean DBP (mmHg) | 80.4 ± 0.4 | 78.7 ± 0.9 | 0.8309 | 74.3 ± 0.3 | 74.2 ± 0.5 | 0.0868 |
Laboratory data | ||||||
Glucose (mg/dL) | 98.2 ± 0.7 | 98.1 ± 1.9 | 0.8866 | 94.3 ± 0.5 | 94.1 ± 1.2 | 0.9478 |
Insulin (uIU/mL) | 10.4 ± 0.1 | 9.9 ± 0.4 | 0.375 | 10.5 ± 0.1 | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 0.3519 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187.2 ± 1 | 184.5 ± 3.4 | 0.6799 | 186.7 ± 0.9 | 185.8 ± 2.2 | 0.4302 |
Triglycerides (mf/dL) | 157.4 ± 3.9 | 134 ± 9.7 | 0.721 | 109.3 ± 2 | 106.2 ± 4 | 0.1337 |
HDL | 49.6 ± 0.3 | 51.5 ± 1.5 | 0.6395 | 56 ± 0.3 | 56.3 ± 0.7 | 0.2197 |
LDL | 112.3 ± 0.9 | 110.4 ± 3.3 | 0.8224 | 113.9 ± 0.7 | 113.4 ± 1.9 | 0.5698 |