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Figure 4 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Figure 4

From: Role of ceramide in diabetes mellitus: evidence and mechanisms

Figure 4

Schematic representation of role of ceramide in lipid raft and diabetes. Details of the processes and abbreviations are described in the text. Briefly, the SM within the raft can be hydrolyzed by SMase to form ceramide which immediately self-associate and form ceramide enriched membrane domains. This raft coalescence facilitates apoptosis by initiating proximity induced caspase activation. Ceramide recruits both PKCζ and Akt to the caveolae. By doing so, ceramide can not only activate PKCζ, but also causes co-localization of activated PKCζ with Akt, there by suppressing Akt activity. Ceramide also recruits PTEN in the caveolae which dephosphorylate PIP3 and impair insulin signaling. Cer, Ceramide.

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