From: Notable epigenetic role of hyperhomocysteinemia in atherogenesis
Genetic defects | Vitamin deficiencies | Other factors |
---|---|---|
Cystathionine β-synthase deficiency; | Lack of folic acid; | Age; |
Lack of vitamin B6; | Male sex; | |
5,10-methyltetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency; | Lack of vitamin B12 | Lifestyle factors (smoking, coffee, alcohol abuse); |
Methionine synthase deficiency; | Chronic renal insufficiency; | |
Hepatic dysfunction; | ||
Genetic defects in the vitamin B12 metabolism | Systemic lupus erythematosus; | |
Cancers; | ||
End stage diabetes mellitus | ||
 |  | Hypothyroidism et al. |