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Table 5 Differences between baseline and after intervention for both groups

From: Favourable effects of consuming a Palaeolithic-type diet on characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot-study

Variable

Paired Differences

All (n 34)

Palaeolithic (n 18)

Reference (n 14)

 

Mean

SD

P*

Mean

SD

P*

Mean

SD

P*

Anthropometric

         

  Abdominal circumference (cm)

−3.2

2.2

0.00

−3.1

2.0

0.00

−3.3

2.4

0.00

  Systolic BP (mmHg)

−6.6

9.8

0.00

−8.5

12.0

0.01

−4.2

5.6

0.02

  Diastolic BP (mmHg)

−6.0

7.5

0.00

−8.0

8.3

0.0

−3.5

5.6

0.03

Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity

        

  Glucose fasting (mmol/l)

−0.4

0.5

0.00

−0.4

0.5

0.01

−0.4

0.4

0.00

  Insulin fasting (mU/l)

−2.1

4.3

0.01

−2.7

5.0

0.03

−1.4

3.2

0.14

  HOMAIR

−0.7

1.3

0.00

−0.9

1.5

0.03

−0.5

0.9

0.06

  AUC glucose (mmol/l x min)

−6

141

0.81

−18

170

0.66

9

98

0.73

  AUC insulin (mU/l x min)

−921

3 565

0.15

−1 918

4 361

0.08

362

1 515

0.39

  TG:HDL-C (mol/mol)

−0.4

1.0

0.04

−0.8

1.2

0.01

0.2

0.3

0.08

Lipids

         

  TC (mmol/l)

−0.6

0.7

0.000

−07

0.7

0.00

−0.4

0.5

0.02

  HDL-C (mmol/l)

−0.1

0.2

0.001

−0.0

0.1

0.38

−0.2

0.1

0.00

  LDL-C (mmol/l)

−0.2

0.5

0.01

−0.3

0.5

0.02

−0.2

0.5

0.18

  TG (mmol/l)

−0.5

1.0

0.01

−0.9

1.1

0.00

0.1

0.4

0.63

  TC:HDL-C (mol/mol)

0.1

1.2

0.72

−0.5

0.7

0.01

0.9

1.3

0.03

Inflammation

         

  hsCRP (mg/l)

0.3

2.5

0.54

0.2

2.8

0.79

0.4

2.1

0.49

  TNFα (pg/ml)

0.2

1.3

0.45

0.1

1.6

0.87

0.3

0.7

0.13

Intestinal permeability

         

  Lactulose:mannitol (mmol/mol)

0.003

0.020

0.3

−0.002

0.020

0.65

0.009

0.012

0.11

Other laboratory parameters

        

Urine

         

  Sodium:potassium (mmol/mol)

−0.88

0.93

0.00

−1.11

0.97

0.00

−0.57

0.82

0.02

Serum

         

  Homocysteine (μmol/l)

0.8

1.6

0.01

1.2

1.3

0.00

0.3

1.9

0.60

  1. Abbreviations: TG triglycerides, HDL-C HDL-cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C LDL-cholesterol.
  2. Mean values and standard deviations, per-protocol.
  3. *P values for the difference between baseline and after intervention, computed by two-tailed paired t-test, not adjusted.