Variable | Paired Differences | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (n 34) | Palaeolithic (n 18) | Reference (n 14) | |||||||
 | Mean | SD | P* | Mean | SD | P* | Mean | SD | P* |
Anthropometric | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Abdominal circumference (cm) | −3.2 | 2.2 | 0.00 | −3.1 | 2.0 | 0.00 | −3.3 | 2.4 | 0.00 |
  Systolic BP (mmHg) | −6.6 | 9.8 | 0.00 | −8.5 | 12.0 | 0.01 | −4.2 | 5.6 | 0.02 |
  Diastolic BP (mmHg) | −6.0 | 7.5 | 0.00 | −8.0 | 8.3 | 0.0 | −3.5 | 5.6 | 0.03 |
Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
  Glucose fasting (mmol/l) | −0.4 | 0.5 | 0.00 | −0.4 | 0.5 | 0.01 | −0.4 | 0.4 | 0.00 |
  Insulin fasting (mU/l) | −2.1 | 4.3 | 0.01 | −2.7 | 5.0 | 0.03 | −1.4 | 3.2 | 0.14 |
  HOMAIR | −0.7 | 1.3 | 0.00 | −0.9 | 1.5 | 0.03 | −0.5 | 0.9 | 0.06 |
  AUC glucose (mmol/l x min) | −6 | 141 | 0.81 | −18 | 170 | 0.66 | 9 | 98 | 0.73 |
  AUC insulin (mU/l x min) | −921 | 3 565 | 0.15 | −1 918 | 4 361 | 0.08 | 362 | 1 515 | 0.39 |
  TG:HDL-C (mol/mol) | −0.4 | 1.0 | 0.04 | −0.8 | 1.2 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.08 |
Lipids | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  TC (mmol/l) | −0.6 | 0.7 | 0.000 | −07 | 0.7 | 0.00 | −0.4 | 0.5 | 0.02 |
  HDL-C (mmol/l) | −0.1 | 0.2 | 0.001 | −0.0 | 0.1 | 0.38 | −0.2 | 0.1 | 0.00 |
  LDL-C (mmol/l) | −0.2 | 0.5 | 0.01 | −0.3 | 0.5 | 0.02 | −0.2 | 0.5 | 0.18 |
  TG (mmol/l) | −0.5 | 1.0 | 0.01 | −0.9 | 1.1 | 0.00 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.63 |
  TC:HDL-C (mol/mol) | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0.72 | −0.5 | 0.7 | 0.01 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.03 |
Inflammation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  hsCRP (mg/l) | 0.3 | 2.5 | 0.54 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 0.79 | 0.4 | 2.1 | 0.49 |
  TNFα (pg/ml) | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.87 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.13 |
Intestinal permeability | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Lactulose:mannitol (mmol/mol) | 0.003 | 0.020 | 0.3 | −0.002 | 0.020 | 0.65 | 0.009 | 0.012 | 0.11 |
Other laboratory parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Urine | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Sodium:potassium (mmol/mol) | −0.88 | 0.93 | 0.00 | −1.11 | 0.97 | 0.00 | −0.57 | 0.82 | 0.02 |
Serum | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
  Homocysteine (μmol/l) | 0.8 | 1.6 | 0.01 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.00 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.60 |