Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 2 Cardiovascular characteristics of participants according to tertile distribution of brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)

From: Additive effects of postchallenge hyperglycemia and low-density lipoprotein particles on the risk of arterial stiffness in healthy adults

		baPWV
	Upper	Middle	Lower	p-value
	≥ 1438.3	1322.5-1438.3	< 1322.5
Characteristics	N = 198	N = 197	N = 197
Age, years	48.18 ± 7.35	45.12 ± 7.53	42.24 ± 7.58	<.001
Male, %	92.93	87.24	81.03	0.004
BMI, kg/m²	25.43 ± 3.23	25.27 ± 3.26	24.58 ± 3.48	0.010
Waist, cm	86.34 ± 8.48	85.23 ± 9.06	83.37 ± 10.17	0.001
Smoking, %	20.2	13.71	16.75	0.359
Alcohol, %	22.22	21.83	15.23	0.081
Hypertension, %	33.84	17.77	8.12	<.001
Systolic BP, mmHg	129.61 ± 14.58	121.52 ± 10.71	113.59 ± 9.25	<.001
Diastolic BP, mmHg	79.50 ± 9.71	75.02 ± 7.85	68.59 ± 7.44	<.001
OGTT diabetes, %	9.6	4.06	1.52	<.001
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	5.39 ± 0.92	5.18 ± 0.89	4.99 ± 0.86	<.001
GluAUC, mmol/L	32.38 ± 9.84	29.09 ± 7.82	27.37 ± 7.97	<.001
HbA1C, %	5.77 ± 0.87	5.62 ± 0.57	5.51 ± 0.72	<.001
Cholesterol, mmol/L	5.50 ± 0.96	5.37 ± 0.93	5.14 ± 0.74	<.001
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.85 ± 1.43	1.61 ± 0.94	1.41 ± 0.97	<.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.24 ± 0.27	1.30 ± 0.32	1.33 ± 0.33	0.005
LDL-C, mmol/L	3.28 ± 0.87	3.12 ± 0.76	2.90 ± 0.71	<.001
sdLDL, mmol/L	0.96 ± 0.47	0.86 ± 0.41	0.73 ± 0.33	<.001
Large LDL-C, mmol/L	2.31 ± 0.71	2.28 ± 0.64	2.18 ± 0.60	0.037
sdLDL-C/LDL-C	0.30 ± 0.14	0.27 ± 0.12	0.25 ± 0.11	<.001
eGFR, ml/min	87.26 ± 19.60	88.91 ± 20.49	89.39 ± 20.05	0.323
Statin-users, %	13.13	8.63	9.64	0.257

OGTT Diabetes: subjects’ results with OGTT two hour value >11.1 mmol/l.
Abbreviations: OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, GluAUC glucose area under curve after OGTT, sdLDL-C small dense LDL-C, Large LDL-C = LDL-C – sdLDL-C, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate.

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