Table 1 Baseline values of anthropometric measurements, blood biomarkers & energy and nutrients intakes of study participants

n

14

07

07

Age (Yrs)

28.0 ± 0.79

28.7 ± 0.64

27.3 ± 1.45

Weight (kg)

69.6 ± 3.48

78.8 ± 4.26

60.4 ± 2.50

BMI (kg/m²)

24.2 ± 0.72

25.6 ± 0.82

22.8 ± 0.98

SMM (kg)

30.8 ± 2.44

34.1 ± 2.72

27.4 ± 3.83

FFM (kg)

51.1 ± 3.48

60.0 ± 4.44

42.1 ± 2.49

PBF (%)

27.1 ± 1.88

24.0 ± 1.86

30.1 ± 2.96

Waist: hip

0.8 ± 0.00

0.9 ± 0.00

0.8 ± 0.12

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.7 ± 0.12

4.7 ± 0.19

4.6 ± 0.16

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.2 ± 0.22

4.3 ± 0.37

4.1 ± 0.25

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.01 ± 0.20

1.35 ± 0.35

0.67 ± 0.11

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.43 ± 0.22

2.72 ± 0.39

2.14 ± 0.19

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.32 ± 0.13

1.00 ± 0.09

1.65 ± 0.19

Total/HDL ratio

3.6 ± 0.38

4.5 ± 0.52

2.6 ± 0.25

Insulin (mIU/L)

9.2 ± 1.09

9.5 ± 1.56

8.8 ± 1.65

CRP (mg/L)

1.5 ± 0.31

1.7 ± 0.47

1.5 ± 0.45

B: Daily energy and nutrient intake

Daily intake

Energy No DF (kj)

8619 ± 1001

10077 ± 1797

7161 ± 641

Energy DF (kj)

8820 ± 1016

10292 ± 1828

7348 ± 645

Protein (g)

89.37 ± 11.78

107.82 ± 21.00

70.92 ± 6.86

Fat (g)

73.29 ± 10.20

90.56 ± 16.78

56.03 ± 8.99

Cholesterol (mg)

204.46 ± 43.01

227.38 ± 81.43

181.53 ± 34.81

Carbohydrate (g)

481.54 ± 224.56

293.89 ± 58.01

669.18 ± 451.01

Sugar (g)

88.21 ± 12.24

110.05 ± 21.72

76.20 ± 11.41

Glucose (g)

10.40 ± 2.32

9.54 ± 4.27

11.27 ± 2.19

Sucrose (g)

32.70 ± 9.06

35.50 ± 17.15

29.90 ± 7.67

Bound fructose (g)

16.35 ± 4.53

17.75 ± 8.57

14.95 ± 3.83

Free fructose (g)

12.56 ± 2.27

11.60 ± 3.93

13.51 ± 2.57

Total fructose (g)

28.91 ± 6.51

29.55 ± 12.36

28.46 ± 5.56

Lactose (g)

12.36 ± 2.09

16.13 ± 2.92

8.60 ± 2.40

Maltose (g)

18.01 ± 5.84

25.74 ± 10.06

10.29 ± 5.15