A 6-month “self-monitoring” lifestyle modification with increased sunlight exposure modestly improves vitamin D status, lipid profile and glycemic status in overweight and obese Saudi adults with varying glycemic levels

Table 3 Associations of 25(OH) vitamin D to metabolic parameters according to groups

	ALL subjects N = 150		Non-DMT2 group N = 67		Pre-DM group N = 47		DMT2 group N = 37
	Baseline	6 months	Baseline	6 months	Baseline	6 months	Baseline	6 months
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.10	−0.11	0.06	0.07	−0.19	−0.34*	−0.06	−0.03
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.10	−0.04	0.05	0.00	0.01	−0.02	0.21	−0.20
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.03	−0.05	0.08	−0.10	−0.06	−0.18	−0.04	0.16
Glucose (mmol/l)	0.07	0.15	0.05	0.04	0.008	0.23	0.02	0.20
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	−0.04	−0.04	0.04	0.04	−0.11	−0.27*	−0.14	0.18
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	−0.10	−0.15	−0.02	−0.10	−0.20	−0.29*	−0.11	−0.03
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	−0.06	−0.05	0.05	−0.13	−0.28	−0.02	0.09	0.12
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	−0.05	−0.14	0.02	−0.06	−0.05	−0.22	−0.15	−0.14
Calcium (mmol/l)	0.05	0.19*	0.27*	0.23	−0.04	0.27*	−0.32	0.10
Corrected calcium (mmol/l)	−0.02	0.15	0.20	0.17	−0.23	0.22	−0.11	0.09
Phosphate (mmol/l)	−0.02	0.07	0.19	0.16	−0.23	−0.19	0.00	0.34*
Albumin (g/l)	0.07	0.09	0.12	0.12	0.13	0.06	−0.19	0.08

ISSN: 1476-511X