Metabolic effect of gene change | Differentiating group | Gene changes | Signaling pathway |
---|---|---|---|
Amino acid: tyrosine & ornithine metabolism | FUNG | dct↓, sf3a2↑, oat↑ | CTNB1 |
Protein synthesis | FUNG | eef1a1↓ |  |
Apoptosis↑ | FUNG | Diaph1↓ (apoptosis inhibitor) | JUN-RHOA |
Apoptosis↓ | FISH | dvl2↓ | CTNB1/MAPK9 and -10 activation |
Apoptosis↑ | FISH | Camk2b↓ | INS1/hRAS/SAG/I κBα, P27KIP1 |
Apoptosis↑ | FISH | Nfkbia↓ | NFκB signaling |
Apoptosis↑/↓ G1/S progression | COMB | atf4↓, atf5↓ | bZIP TF |
Biliary bicarbonate secretion↓ | FISH<FUNG | slc4a2↓ |  |
Bile acid uptake by hepatocytes↓ | FISH | slc10a1↓ |  |
Biliary cholesterol secretion↓ | COMB | aqp8↓ | SREBP1a |
Carbohydrate metabolism | COMB | foxa3↓, hnf3g↓, g6pc↓ | foxa3: INS1-FOXA2 |
Carbohydrate metabolism | COMB; FUNG<FISH | bat2↓ | CTNB1 |
Cell proliferation↑ | FUNG<FISH | dusp9↓ | JUN-CDKN2A. DUSP phosphatases inhibit MK |
Cell proliferation↑ | FUNG | ppp1ca↓ | INS1-hRAS |
Cell proliferation↑ | FUNG>FISH | Ptpra↑ | activates Src tyr kinases |
Cell proliferation↑ | FUNG<FISH | ptpn1↓, ppp2cb↓ |  |
Cell proliferation↓ | FUNG<FISH; COMB | ighmbp2↓ | TGFβ 1-HGF |
Cell proliferation↓ | FUNG | cyp24↓ (↑1,25(OH)2D3) | VDRE-PXR signaling |
Cell proliferation↓ | FUNG | ccnb1↓ (codes cyclin B1) | CDK1 activation |
Cell proliferation↓ | FUNG | tcfeb↓, barx1↓, notch2↓ |  |
Cell proliferation↓ | FUNG<FISH; COMB | tcfe3↓ | bHLH-zip TF |
Cell proliferation↑ | FISH | bop1↓ | MYC |
Cell proliferation↑/Lipid transport↑ | FISH | cd36↑ | PPARα signaling |
Cell proliferation↑/Lipid transport↑ | FISH | abce1↑ | FABP-SNCA |
Cell proliferation↓ | FISH | tcea2↓ | MYC-POL2RA |
Cell proliferation↓ | FISH | usf2↓ | bHLH TF |
Cell proliferation↓ | FISH | jund↓, yy1↓ | bHLHzip TF: IL6-TNF signaling |
Cell proliferation↓ | FISH | hoxa13↓ | TGFβ 1-BMP2 |
Cell proliferation↓ | FISH | fgfr3↓ | INS1-STAT3 |
Cell proliferation↓ | FISH | cdk4↓ | D-cyclin-INK4a |
Cell proliferation↓ | FISH | tef↓ |  |
Cell proliferation | FISH | rab5c↓ (phosphatase; GTPase) |  |
Cell proliferation | FISH | eef2↓ (activity depends on P state) |  |
Cell proliferation↓ | COMB | plk1↓ (Zn finger) | CTNB1 |
Cell proliferation↓ | COMB | Rgs16↑ | JUN-TNF-G protein coupled receptor |
Cell proliferation | COMB | atf5↓ | bzip TF |
Cell proliferation | COMB | ntrk1↓ (receptor tyr kinase) | INS1/hRAS |
Cell proliferation | COMB | eprs↓ (activity depends on P state) | TGFβ 1-IKBKb |
Clotting↓ | FISH | serpinc1↑ |  |
Collagen synthesis↓ | FUNG | plod3↓ |  |
Cytoskeletal effects | COMB | acta2↓, arhgef7↓, sn↓, tubb2↓, tubb3↓ | CTNB1 |
FA β-Oxidation↑ | ALL | acadm↑, crat↑, cpt1a↑, cpt2↑, ech1↑ | PPARα signaling |
AcetylCoA biosynthesis↓ | COMB | acas2↓ |  |
AcylCoa binding↓ | COMB | dbi↓ | MYC |
FA synthesis/desaturation↓ | COMB | acly↓ thrsp↓, fasn (FUNG<FISH)↓, scd↓ | INS1, SREBP, PPARα, TNF |
FA elongation↑ | FISH | elovl2/3↑ |  |
Cyt P450 metabolism↑ | FISH | 4a10↑, 4a14↑ (affect ion channel activity, vascular tone) | PPARα signaling |
FA transported into liver↓ | FUNG | slc27a1↓ | JUN-TNF-PPARα |
Lipid transport↓ | FISH | fabp5↓ | TGFβ 1-PPARα |
Lipoprotein metabolism | FUNG | apoc1↓ | INS1 |
Lipoprotein metabolism: reverse cholesterol transport↑ | FISH | apoe↑ (↓ cholesterol and TAG) |  |
Lipoprotein metabolism: transport↓ | COMB | apoa4↓ | PPARα signaling |
Galactose binding↓ | FUNG | lgal3↓ | CTNB1 |
Heme synthesis | FUNG | alas1↑, alas2↓ | INS1-STAT3 |
Hemoglobin synthesis↑ | FISH>FUNG | hba-a1↑, hbb-b1↑ |  |
Immune system | COMB | tcf2↓, tcf7↑ | MYC-PCAF-CREBP; CTNB1 |
Oxidative stress | COMB | hpx↓ | TGFβ 1-LEP |
Oxidative stress: aldehyde dehydrogenases↑ | FISH | aldh1a7↑, aldh2↑ aldh1a1↑ | SREBP1a |
Oxidative stress: peroxidases↑ | FISH | gpx1↑, prdx2↑, prdx4↑, mpo↑ |  |
Oxidative stress: heat shock proteins | FISH vs FUNG | hspb1 (HSP25/27)↓, hspcb↑ | ERK, PKCδ, TGFβ, p38, MK2/TNFα, IL1β, NFκB |