|  | All participants | No medication changes | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | % change (wk 0–52) |  | % change (wk 0–52) |  | ||
Variable | Gender | Controls (n = 73) | Ornish (n = 73) | Between group p valuea | Controls (n = 47) | Ornish (n = 56) | Between group p valuea |
VLDL particles | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Large VLDL and chylomicrons | F | -12.4 | +3.0 | 0.62 | +4.9 | +4.6 | 0.95 |
 | M | +14.5 | -55.9b | < 0.01 | +26.9 | -54.9b | < 0.01 |
LDL particles | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Total LDL particles (nmol/L) | F | -1.3 | -6.1 | 0.42 | -1.2 | -4.2 | 0.63 |
 | M | +0.6 | -10.4c | 0.03 | +8.1 | -3.8 | 0.02 |
Small LDL particles (nmol/L) | F | +2.4 | -2.6 | 0.63 | +1.3 | -0.9 | 0.86 |
 | M | +1.7 | -15.1c | < 0.01 | +13.2 | -8.6 | < 0.01 |
LDL size (nm) | F | -0.4 | 0.0 | 0.62 | -0.4 | 0.0 | 0.70 |
 | M | 0.0 | +1.6c | < 0.01 | -0.6 | +1.5c | < 0.01 |
HDL particles | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Large HDL particles (μmol/L) | F | -0.3 | -2.6 | 0.83 | +0.3 | -4.2 | 0.71 |
 | M | +3.3 | +34.9c | 0.03 | -1.2 | +31.6 | 0.04 |
HDL size (nm) | F | -0.7 | +0.4 | 0.07 | -0.8 | +0.4 | 0.15 |
 | M | 0.0 | +1.6c | 0.03 | -0.5 | +0.8 | 0.08 |
Lipid profiles | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
HDL-cholesterol | F | -5.3 | -7.4c | 0.77 | -6.5 | -9.0c | 0.83 |
 | M | -4.5 | +3.8 | 0.03 | -4.3 | +3.3 | 0.08 |
Total cholesterol | F | -1.4 | -4.5 | 0.42 | -0.2 | -3.2 | 0.47 |
 | M | +2.0 | -6.4 | 0.02 | +5.7 | -2.9 | < 0.01 |
Triglycerides | F | -3.9 | +3.9 | 0.54 | +5.1 | +5.4 | 0.91 |
 | M | +9.8 | -24.9c | < 0.01 | +10.1 | -23.5c | < 0.01 |