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Table 4 Effects of lipid-lowering medication changes on selected variables after 52 weeks

From: Effects of cardiovascular lifestyle change on lipoprotein subclass profiles defined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

  

All participants

No medication changes

  

% change (wk 0–52)

 

% change (wk 0–52)

 

Variable

Gender

Controls

(n = 73)

Ornish

(n = 73)

Between group

p valuea

Controls

(n = 47)

Ornish

(n = 56)

Between group

p valuea

VLDL particles

       

Large VLDL and chylomicrons

F

-12.4

+3.0

0.62

+4.9

+4.6

0.95

 

M

+14.5

-55.9b

< 0.01

+26.9

-54.9b

< 0.01

LDL particles

       

Total LDL particles (nmol/L)

F

-1.3

-6.1

0.42

-1.2

-4.2

0.63

 

M

+0.6

-10.4c

0.03

+8.1

-3.8

0.02

Small LDL particles (nmol/L)

F

+2.4

-2.6

0.63

+1.3

-0.9

0.86

 

M

+1.7

-15.1c

< 0.01

+13.2

-8.6

< 0.01

LDL size (nm)

F

-0.4

0.0

0.62

-0.4

0.0

0.70

 

M

0.0

+1.6c

< 0.01

-0.6

+1.5c

< 0.01

HDL particles

       

Large HDL particles (μmol/L)

F

-0.3

-2.6

0.83

+0.3

-4.2

0.71

 

M

+3.3

+34.9c

0.03

-1.2

+31.6

0.04

HDL size (nm)

F

-0.7

+0.4

0.07

-0.8

+0.4

0.15

 

M

0.0

+1.6c

0.03

-0.5

+0.8

0.08

Lipid profiles

       

HDL-cholesterol

F

-5.3

-7.4c

0.77

-6.5

-9.0c

0.83

 

M

-4.5

+3.8

0.03

-4.3

+3.3

0.08

Total cholesterol

F

-1.4

-4.5

0.42

-0.2

-3.2

0.47

 

M

+2.0

-6.4

0.02

+5.7

-2.9

< 0.01

Triglycerides

F

-3.9

+3.9

0.54

+5.1

+5.4

0.91

 

M

+9.8

-24.9c

< 0.01

+10.1

-23.5c

< 0.01

  1. There were 34 female and 39 male participants in the control and intervention groups, 19 female and 28 male controls with no medication changes, 30 female and 26 male participants with no medication changes. a: p values resulting from independent samples t-tests (two-tailed) of Baseline to Week 52 changes for female Ornish participants compared to female controls and male Ornish participants compared to male controls, b: percent changes from Baseline to Week 52 were significant at p < 0.001 based on repeated measures ANOVA (time point was the within-subjects factor, cohort type and gender within cohorts were the between-subjects factors) using a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons by time point, group, and gender within group, c: percent changes from Baseline to Week 52 were significant at p < 0.05 based on repeated measures ANOVA (time point was the within-subjects factor, cohort type and gender within cohorts were the between-subjects factors) using a Bonferroni adjustment for multiple comparisons by time point, group, and gender within group.