Table 2 Changes in diabetes and lipid parameters and LnRHI

Hemoglobin A1c (%)

7.3 ± 1.1

7.5 ± 0.8

0.307

6.9 ± 0.6

6.7 ± 0.7

0.062

% change (%)

3.9 ± 13.3

−0.3 ± 2.1

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

135.8 ± 21.5

135.8 ± 27.9

0.581

131.4 ± 21.4

133.9 ± 25.5

0.651

% change (%)

2.6 ± 15.3

2.8 ± 7.8

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

237.5 ± 25.8

195.7 ± 21.6

<0.001

226.6 ± 29.5

174.4 ± 22.2

<0.001

% change (%)

−17.1 ± 9.3‡

−22.8 ± 6.1‡

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

148.8 ± 22.1

115.5 ± 17.9

<0.001

135.6 ± 19.7

88.9 ± 17.5

<0.001

% change (%)

−21.9 ± 9.6*

−34.5 ± 7.8*

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

57.0 ± 11.3

54.9 ± 12.6

0.31

54.9 ± 19.0

58.0 ± 18.5

0.035

% change (%)

−3.4 ± 12.1‡

6.5 ± 10.5‡

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

112.0 (100.0–192.5)

94.0 (80.0–171.0)

0.18

134.5 (76.3–229.3)

105 (67.0–188.3)

0.12

% change (%)

−8.9 ± 28.1

−7.0 ± 45.0

NEFA (mg/dL)

561.1 ± 236.8

429.7 ± 195.9

0.009

538.8 ± 319.5

520.2 ± 227.3

0.746

% change (%)

−19.9 ± 27.4‡

11.3 ± 44.1‡

Lathosterol (μg/mL)

3.30 ± 1.45

4.60 ± 1.96

0.004

3.44 ± 1.52

1.57 ± 0.61

<0.001

% change (%)

51.2 ± 52.2*

−42.0 ± 49.7*

Campesterol (μg/mL)

6.14 ± 2.74

2.69 ± 0.72

<0.001

6.56 ± 1.53

6.21 ± 1.86

0.217

% change (%)

−51.0 ± 17.7*

−6.5 ± 23.3*

Lathosterol/campesterol

0.457 (0.337–1.006)

1.428 (1.189–2.303)

<0.001

0.593 (0.282–0.678)

0.276 (0.205–0.311)

0.002

% change (%)

239.3 ± 38.5*

−39.2 ± 38.5*

LnRHI

0.471 ± 0.157

0.678 ± 0.187

0.007

0.552 ± 0.084

0.558 ± 0.202

0.645

% change (%)

63.3 ± 89.2‡

7.4 ± 41.2‡