Table 1 Clinical and laboratory features of the subjects

Sex (M/F)

9/17

16/11

19/8

17/9

0.043

Age (years)

47.15 ± 13.91

44.96 ± 12.18

50.30 ± 13.09

46.00 ± 16.17

0.489

BMI (kg/m²)

24.79 ± 2.90

25.64 ± 3.89

27.74 ± 2.94^▲▼

28.58 ± 2.81^▲▼

<0.001

Waist(cm)

84.86 ± 9.09

89.20 ± 9.60

94.43 ± 6.19^▲▼

99.02 ± 9.26^▲▼

<0.001

WHR (cm/cm)

0.88 ± 0.08

0.92 ± 0.07^▲

0.95 ± 0.05^▲

0.95 ± 0.07^▲

0.001

SBP (mmHg)

121.12 ± 19.01

123.63 ± 13.69

132.63 ± 18.62^▲

138.88 ± 21.90^▲▼

0.002

DBP (mmHg)

75.88 ± 11.92

79.22 ± 10.08

81.96 ± 8.91^▲

88.81 ± 10.35^▲▼◆

<0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.78 ± 0.92

4.99 ± 0.87

4.91 ± 0.68

5.22 ± 0.86

0.308

TG (mmol/L)

1.62 ± 0.82

2.27 ± 1.31^▲

2.20 ± 1.26^▲

2.50 ± 1.31^▲

0.023

HDL-c (mmol/L)

1.30 ± 0.30

1.16 ± 0.24

1.08 ± 0.21^▲

1.10 ± 0.21^▲

0.009

LDL-c (mmol/L)

2.72 ± 0.73

2.99 ± 0.62

2.81 ± 0.58

3.04 ± 0.79

0.305

ALT (U/L)*

16.0(4.0-117.0)

28.0(11.0-124.0)^▲

38.0(12.0-121.0)^▲

63.0(11.0-259.0)^▲▼◆

<0.001

AST (U/L)*

20.0(11.0-50.0)

23.0(11.0-78.0)

29.0(11.0-82.0)^▲

45.0(14.0-111.0)^▲▼◆

<0.001

ALP (U/L)

64.22 ± 16.93

74.17 ± 17.55

76.21 ± 26.67

77.29 ± 18.96^▲

0.121

γ-GT (U/L)*

20.0(8–118.0)

32.5(15.0-139.0)^▲

38.5(17.0-112.0)^▲

67.0(16.0-378)^▲▼◆

<0.001

VFA (cm²)

98.12 ± 32.84

105.21 ± 36.02

121.48 ± 35.74

134.14 ± 31.11^▲▼

0.040

SFA (cm²)

86.91 ± 22.81

76.51 ± 34.99

87.51 ± 27.61

109.88 ± 35.62^▼

0.032

VFA/SFA

1.15 ± 0.35

1.59 ± 0.77

1.62 ± 0.97

1.35 ± 0.52

0.374

Serum RBP4 (μg/ml)

43.23 ± 1.19

54.00 ± 8.74

51.75 ± 1.52

54.68 ± 8.86

0.298