Table 8 Serum inflammatory markers, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and adiponectin in treated and untreated high-carbohydrate high-fat fed and type 2 diabetic rats

CRP (μg/mL)

194.5(168–224)^bc

621(589–652)^ac

330.5(310–369)20.77^abc

728.5(697–769)^ab

350(329–375)^abc

129.5(119–153)^abc

328(299–356)^abc

IL-6 (pg/mL)

155(139–169)^bc

240.5(230–251) ^a

182(175–192)^abc

240(235–262)^a

198.5(188–201)^abc

150(143–160)^bc

166(159–173)^bc

TNF-α (μg/mL)

544.5(529–569)^bc

851.5(816–873) ^a

657.5(643–670)^abc

878(847–900)^a

605(582–623)^abc

543(516–560)^bc

595(579–610)^abc

Leptin (ng/mL)

3.2(2.9–3.8)^bc

5.5(4.6–5.9) ^ac

3.93(3.66–4.36)^abc

5.25(4.8–5.8)^a

4.98(4.69–5.3)^b

3.9(3.8–4.31)^bc

3.12(2.7–3.26)^bc

adiponectin (μg/mL)

45.85(42.9–47.1)^bc

22.45(19.9–24.8) ^a

32.25(29.7–33.6)^abc

25.5(24.1–28.4)^a

24.5(21.6–26.9)^a

32.1(28.6–32.9)^abc

29.65(28.4–32.1)^abc

SBP (mmHg)

91(87–96)3.51^bc

147.5(142–153) ^a

113(110–117)^abc

141(139–146)^a

129.5(127–133)^abc

108(101–112)^abc

139.5(134–146)^a