Table 1 Characteristics of study population by urinary albumin excretion status

n ( % )

6817 (70.1)

2274 (23.4)

639 (6.6)

ACR (mg/g)

6.7 (5.0–8.4)

14.7 (12.5–19.0)^*

53.3 (37.8–94.6)^*#

<0.0001

Age (years)

55.5 ± 7.7

56.7 ± 8.4^*

58.0 ± 9.6^*#

< 0.0001

Male [n (%)]

2097 (30.8)

501 (22.0)

188 (29.4)

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 3.2

24.0 ± 3.8^*

24.7 ± 3.7^*#

< 0.0001

WC (cm)

81.1 ± 9.2

82.3 ± 9.9^*

85.1 ± 10.4^*#

< 0.0001

SBP (mmHg)

124.2 ± 15.6

129.0 ± 16.9^*

135.0 ± 18.9^*#

< 0.0001

DBP (mmHg)

74.6 ± 9.5

76.4 ± 10.4^*

78.9 ± 11.0^*

< 0.0001

Current smoker [n (%)]

703 (10.6)

164 (7.4)^*

74 (11.8) ^#

0.072

Current drinker [n (%)]

226 (3.4)

67 (3.1)

23 (3.7)

0.817

Physical activity (MET-h/week)

21.0 (10.5–45.0)

21.0 (10.5–42.0)

21.5 (10.5–42.0)

0.831

TG (mg/dL)

108.8 (79.6–157.5)

115.9 (82.3–169.9)^*

137.2 (96.5–194.7)^*#

< 0.0001

TC (mg/dL)

199.6 ± 47.4

203.6 ± 48.7^*

202.4 ± 52.0

0.002

HDL-C (mg/dL)

51.2 ± 13.9

51.1 ± 13.8

47.8 ± 12.8^*#

< 0.0001

LDL-C (mg/dL)

120.8 ± 36.5

122.2 ± 37.8

122.6 ± 39.0

0.067

Non-HDL-C (mg/dl)

148.4 ± 41.8

152.4 ± 43.2^*

154.6 ± 46.3^*

< 0.0001

Non-HDL-C/HDL-C

2.9 (2.3–3.6)

3.0 (2.4–3.8)^*

3.3 (2.6–4.0)^*#

< 0.0001

TG/HDL-C

2.2 (1.5–3.5)

2.3 (1.5–3.7)^*

3.0 (1.9–4.5)^*#

< 0.0001

FPG (mmol/L)

5.4 (5.0–5.9)

5.5 (5.0–6.1)^*

5.6 (5.1–6.7)^*#

< 0.0001

HbA1C (%)

6.0 ± 0.7

6.2 ± 1.0^*

6.5 ± 1.5^*#

< 0.0001

HOMA-IR

1.67 (1.19–2.39)

1.88 (1.29–2.80)^*

2.23 (1.45–3.48)^*#

< 0.0001

SCr (μmol/L)

67.0 (60.8–76.0)

65.0 (59.5–72.9)^*

69.1 (60.9–81.1)^*#

0.531

eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m²)

110.9 (100.0–123.8)

111.5 (100.1–124.8)

106.4 (94.2–122.0)^*#

< 0.0001

Previous CVD (%)

205 (3.0)

78 (3.4)

35 (5.5)^*#

0.003

Previous hypertension (%)

893 (13.1)

486 (21.4)^*

198 (31.0)^*#

< 0.0001

Previous diabetes (%)

313 (4.6)

201 (8.8)^*

90 (14.1)^*#

< 0.0001

Previous dyslipidemia (%)

325 (4.8)

124 (5.5)

49 (7.7)^*#

0.002