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Table 2 Characteristics of the study subgroups following the run-in period (day 0), prior to receiving echium oil or linseed oil mixture1

From: Consumption of echium oil increases EPA and DPA in blood fractions more efficiently compared to linseed oil in humans

 

Study 1 Echium oil

Study 2 Linseed oil mixture

Subgroups

EOI (n = 20)

EOII (n = 20)

EOIII (n = 19)

LOI (n = 20)

LOII (n = 20)

LOIII (n = 19)

Sex, f/m

10/10

11/9

9/10

10/10

10/10

10/9

BMI group (kg/m2)

18–25

18–25

>25

18–25

18–25

>25

Age group (years)

20–35

49–69

49–69

20–35

49–69

49–69

Repeated participation (%)

   

40

90

80

Age (years)

28.1 ± 2.86b

58.8 ± 5.73a

61.2 ± 6.26a

25.0 ± 3.43b

59.0 ± 5.56a

61.1 ± 7.28a

Body mass index (kg/m2)

22.0 ± 2.34b

23.5 ± 2.40b

30.1 ± 3.30a

22.3 ± 2.24b

23.2 ± 2.27b

29.5 ± 3.26a

Waist circumference (cm)

80.3 ± 9.10c

87.2 ± 9.17b

104 ± 6.75a‡

80.7 ± 4.95c

86.3 ± 7.71b

99.4 ± 7.19a

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

125 ± 10.4b*

135 ± 19.9ab

141 ± 15.6a‡

133 ± 17.3b

148 ± 20.2b

154 ± 24.0a

Diastolic BP (mm Hg)

82.2 ± 8.9b

90.1 ± 12.3a

91.2 ± 7.90a

82.4 ± 6.68a

89.5 ± 10.7a

85.3 ± 19.8a

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.52 ± 0.68b

5.82 ± 1.24a

6.30 ± 1.02a

4.43 ± 0.80b

5.58 ± 1.32a

5.84 ± 1.09a

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.43 ± 0.30a

1.58 ± 0.47a

1.33 ± 0.32a

1.39 ± 0.27a

1.44 ± 0.38a

1.30 ± 0.33a

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.54 ± 0.61b

3.54 ± 0.89a

3.95 ± 0.90a

2.48 ± 0.75b

3.36 ± 0.98a

3.70 ± 0.97a

LDL-C/HDL-C

1.87 ± 0.67b

2.37 ± 0.66b

3.08 ± 0.75a

1.86 ± 0.70b

2.42 ± 0.70a

2.90 ± 0.83a

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.89 ± 0.36b

1.14 ± 0.42b

1.82 ± 0.88a‡

0.97 ± 0.39a

1.31 ± 0.94a

1.39 ± 0.51a

Oxidized LDL (mmol/L)

67.7 ± 12.7c*

80.3 ± 11.4b*

92.9 ± 13.2a*

49.9 ± 18.0b

60.8 ± 15.2a

66.6 ± 14.2a

High sensitivity CRP (mg/L)

0.68 ± 0.62a

1.35 ± 2.03a

2.12 ± 2.41a

1.32 ± 1.60a

1.25 ± 1.50a

1.64 ± 1.43a

Insulin (mU/L)

6.03 ± 2.35b

9.75 ± 5.90a

11.6 ± 4.77a

6.22 ± 2.57b

7.96 ± 4.92a

10.8 ± 6.78a

  1. 1Values are means ± SD. C cholesterol. EO echium oil, LO linseed oil mixture; I, age 20–35 years and BMI 18–25 kg/m2; II, age 49–69 years and BMI 18–25 kg/m2; III, age 49–69 years and BMI >25 kg/m2. P values were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed model ANOVA
  2. abcWithin one oil treatment, means within a row with different superscript letters are significantly different between subgroups (P ≤ 0.05)
  3. *Mean values are significantly different between the respective EO and LO subgroups (I, II, III) (*P ≤ 0.05, P 0.05 < 0.10)