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Table 5 Clinical markers in echium oil and linseed oil groups before and after 8-weeks treatment1

From: Consumption of echium oil increases EPA and DPA in blood fractions more efficiently compared to linseed oil in humans

  

Study 1 Echium oil (n = 59)

 

Study 2 Linseed oil mixture (n = 59)

 

Treatment effect EO vs. LO P 2

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

Day 0

5.53 ± 1.25

 

5.27 ± 1.24

  
 

Day 56

5.22 ± 1.17

***

5.08 ± 1.20

 

0.59

HDL-C (mmol/L)

Day 0

1.45 ± 0.38

 

1.38 ± 0.33

  
 

Day 56

1.37 ± 0.42

***

1.58 ± 0.37

***

<0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

Day 0

3.33 ± 0.99

 

3.16 ± 1.03

  
 

Day 56

3.03 ± 0.87

***

3.05 ± 0.99

 

0.056

LDL-C/HDL-C

Day 0

2.43 ± 0.84

 

2.38 ± 0.84

  
 

Day 56

2.36 ± 0.88

 

2.00 ± 0.70

***

<0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

Day 0

1.28 ± 0.70

 

1.22 ± 0.68

  
 

Day 56

1.13 ± 0.59

***

1.12 ± 0.62

 

0.66

Oxidized LDL (mmol/L)

Day 0

80.1 ± 16.0

 

58.9 ± 17.1

  
 

Day 56

75.8 ± 14.9

***

54.0 ± 17.7

*

<0.001

Insulin (mU/L)

Day 0

9.07 ± 5.07

 

8.26 ± 5.26

  
 

Day 56

6.25 ± 4.54

***

7.38 ± 3.69

*

0.011

  1. 1Values are means ± SD; adjusted means are not shown. C cholesterol, EO echium oil, LO linseed oil mixture. P values were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed model ANCOVA with sex, age, BMI, baseline value as covariates
  2. 2 P values for the treatment effect including only EO and LO groups
  3. *Within one oil treatment, means are significantly different between day 0 and day 56 (repeated measures; ***P ≤ 0.001; *P ≤ 0.05)