Table 1 Demographic and biochemical parameters of the study subjects

Subjects, n

110

110

Demographics

 Age, years

67 ± 10

67 ± 10

0.823

 Sex, % male

86

86

0.847

 Body mass index, kg/m²

22.2 ± 2.3

22.2 ± 2.3

0.954

 Smoking history, %

64

35

<0.001

GOLD stages, n

 GOLD I/II

32

 GOLD III

39

 GOLD IV

39

Comorbidities, %

 CAD

28

6

<0.001

 Hypertension

25

11

0.008

 Diabetes mellitus

5

1

0.098

Treatment, %

 Prednisone

27

0

<0.001

 Aminophylline

23

0

<0.001

 β-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist

22

7

0.017

 Anticholinergics

23

0

<0.001

Lung function

 FEV₁% predicted

43.81 ± 19.77

92.34 ± 8.29

<0.001

 FEV₁/FVC

49.44 ± 15.96

97.48 ± 3.73

<0.001

Lipids profile

 Triglycerides, mmol/L

1.17 ± 0.67

1.43 ± 1.11

0.036

 Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.16 ± 0.82

4.49 ± 0.76

0.003

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.15 ± 0.30

1.31 ± 0.26

<0.001

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.50 ± 0.77

2.61 ± 0.70

0.285

 Apolipoprotein A, g/L

1.36 ± 0.29

1.46 ± 0.27

0.011

 Apolipoprotein B, g/L

0.89 ± 0.22

0.94 ± 0.27

0.122

 Apolipoprotein M, mg/L

23.08 ± 9.54

17.02 ± 4.74

<0.001

 Lipoprotein(a), g/L

163.9 ± 2.4

99.0 ± 9.3

<0.001

Inflammatory factors

 Hs-CRP, mg/L

11.52 ± 3.97

1.47 ± 2.77

<0.001

 Pentraxin-3, ng/L

1.28 ± 2.66

0.96 ± 2.05

0.002