Characteristic | Healthy controls (n = 12) | Patients with diabetes (n = 18) | Patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 18) |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 31.92 ± 2.11 | 57.78 ± 2.44*** | 59.94 ± 1.67 |
Diabetes duration(years) | 0 | 5.18 ± 1.77 | 11.83 ± 1.63# |
Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 4.64 ± 0.09 | 11.28 ± 1.15*** | 10.19 ± 1.24 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/l) | 4.55 ± 0.37 | 5.51 ± 0.41 | 8.15 ± 0.62## |
HbA1C (%) | 5.01 ± 0.12 | 10.04 ± 0.47*** | 8.91 ± 0.61 |
Creatinine (umol/l) | 57.78 ± 4.70 | 57.61 ± 2.26 | 112.40 ± 15.49## |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 131.30 ± 8.42 | 131.10 ± 11.01 | 70.18 ± 5.33### |
Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.25 ± 0.17 | 4.71 ± 0.21 | 4.76 ± 0.41 |
Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.04 ± 0.10 | 2.51 ± 0.32** | 1.89 ± 0.30 |
HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.47 ± 0.07 | 1.01 ± 0.05*** | 1.03 ± 0.08 |
LDL-C (mmol/l) | 1.95 ± 0.10 | 2.90 ± 0.27** | 3.02 ± 0.33 |