Table 2 Summary of primary prevention studies in the general population (39 studies)

Study design

RCT

4/39 (10.3 %)

Prospective cohort study

25/39 (64.1 %)

Nested case-control study

10/39 (25.6 %)

Follow-up

1 yr to <2 yrs

1/39 (2.6 %)

2 yrs to <5 yrs

4/39 (10.3 %)

5 yrs to <10 yrs

20/39 (52.3 %)

10 yrs+

11/39 (28.2 %)

Not reported or unclear

3/39 (7.7 %)

Gender

Males only

13/39 (33.3 %)

Females only

2/39 (5.1 %)

Mixed males and females

24/39 (61.5 %)

Age

<65 yrs

36/39 (92.3 %)

Elderly ≥ 65 yrs

3/39 (7.7 %)

Ethnicity

Mixed

3/39 (7.7 %)

Korean

2/39 (5.1 %)

Taiwanese

1/39 (2.6 %)

Japanese

1/39 (2.6 %)

Native American Indian

1/39 (2.6 %)

White (majority populations)

15/39 (38.5 %)

Not reported/unclear

16/39 (41.0 %)

Model method^a

Cox proportional hazards

20/39 (51.3 %)

Logistic regression

11/39 (28.2 %)

Conditional and unconditional logistic regression

1/39 (2.6 %)

Conditional logistic regression

7/39 (17.9 %)

Discriminant analysis

0/39 (0 %)

Model variables

Includes LDL-C as model variable

19/39 (48.7 %)

Does not include LDL-C or unclear/not reported

19/39 (48.7 %)

Lp(a) assay

Isoform dependent

1/39 (2.6 %)

Isoform independent

12/39 (30.8 %)

Isoform independent and dependent

1/39 (2.6 %)

Isoform independence NR or unclear

25/39 (61.4 %)

Sample type

Fresh plasma samples

5/39 (12.8 %)

Frozen plasma samples

25/39 (64.1 %)

Mixture of frozen and fresh samples

2/39 (5.1 %)

Not reported or unclear

7/39 (17.9 %)

Risk of bias

Low

2/39 (5.1 %)

Moderate

22/39 (56.4 %)

High

7/39 (17.9 %)

Not enough information

8/39 (20.5 %)