Table 1 Comparisons of clinical characteristics

N

56

74

65

53

Age (years)

49.4 ± 11.6

52.2 ± 13.6

53.3 ± 12.2

55.3 ± 13.1*

Male, n (%)

30(53.6)

41(55.4)

35(53.8)

31(58.5)*

Smoking, n (%)

24(42.9)

37(50.0)

32(49.2)

28(52.8)*

BMI (Kg/m²)

24.2 ± 2.7

25.5 ± 3.5

25.8 ± 4.6

26.3 ± 3.9*

Overweight, n (%)

10(17.9)

30(40.5)

31(47.7)

27(50.9)*

Obesity, n (%)

0(0)

0(0)

3(4.6)

8(15.1)*

Waist-hip ratio

0.90 ± 0.03

0.92 ± 0.05

0.94 ± 0.04

0.96 ± 0.03*

SBP (mm Hg)

132.5 ± 10.2

131.7 ± 12.3

135.8 ± 11.6

138.2 ± 13.4*

DBP (mm Hg)

73.6 ± 8.8

73.2 ± 10.5

77.3 ± 9.1

81.2 ± 10.6*

HR (bpm)

74.2 ± 6.6

80.4 ± 9.2

88.4 ± 9.2

93.6 ± 11.2*

FPG (mmol/L)

6.0 ± 1.1

6.2 ± 1.7

6.4 ± 1.5

6.7 ± 1.6*

HbA1c (%)

6.0 ± 1.3

6.3 ± 1.3

6.6 ± 1.3

6.8 ± 1.5*

TC (mmol/L)

5.3 ± 0.5

5.3 ± 0.4

5.4 ± 0.5

5.5 ± 0.6

TG (mmol/L)

1.3 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.4

1.4 ± 0.3

1.5 ± 0.4

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.1 ± 0.4

3.3 ± 0.4

3.3 ± 0.3

3.5 ± 0.5*

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.0 ± 0.3

0.9 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.3

0.8 ± 0.4

CRP (mg/L)

9.2 ± 1.2

10.8 ± 2.4

12.7 ± 2.6

14.2 ± 3.3*

CHD, n (%)

6(10.7)

10(13.5)

11(16.9)

10(18.9)*

Ischemic stroke, n (%)

3(5.4)

4(5.4)

6(9.2)

6(11.3)*

PAD, n (%)

3(5.4)

3(4.1)

4(6.2)

5(9.4)*

Anti-platelet, n (%)

22(39.3)

34(45.9)

32(49.2)

28(52.8)*

ACEI/ARB, n (%)

26(46.4)

36(48.6)

34(52.3)

29(54.7)*

Statins, n (%)

29(51.8)

37(50.0)

35(53.8)

31(58.5)*

AHI (events/h)

3.2 ± 1.3

12.6 ± 2.3

21.2 ± 3.3

35.4 ± 5.1*