Table 2 Characteristics of insulin sensitivity vs. insulin resistance

Diabetes (%)

29 (12.03)

72 (30.25)

Pre-diabetes (%)

87 (36.10)

99 (41.60)

NGT (%)

125 (51.87)

67 (28.15)

Female (%)

153 (63.49)

158 (66.39)

Age, years

53.06 ± 10.99

51.92 ± 11.25

BMI, kg/m²

24.39 ± 3.13

27.76 ± 3.68

Overweight/obesity (%)

124 (51.45)

206 (86.55)

Waist circumference, cm

83.96 ± 9.38

89.88 ± 8.97

Hip circumference, cm

89.30 ± 9.38

89.88 ± 8.97

Systolic BP, mm Hg

127.22 ± 19.17

127.65 ± 18.03

Diastolic BP, mm Hg

75.83 ± 10.19

76.83 ± 10.11

HbA1c%

5.58 ± 0.76

5.97 ± 1.04

Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L

5.90 ± 1.40

6.78 ± 1.95

Postprandial glucose (PG 30’), mmol/L

10.06 ± 2.97

11.67 ± 3.47

PG 60’, mmol/L

9.42 ± 3.97

11.54 ± 4.99

PG 120’, mmol/L

7.44 ± 3.56

9.44 ± 5.15

Ln (Ins 0’, mU/L)

1.88 ± 0.33

2.69 ± 0.36

Ln (Ins 30’, mU/L)

3.83 ± 0.67

4.41 ± 0.69

Ln (Ins 60’, mU/L)

3.84 ± 0.62

4.48 ± 0.46

Ln (Ins 120’, mU/L)

3.37 ± 0.73

4.07 ± 0.70

Ln (C peptide 0’, ng/mL)

0.02 ± 0.28

0.58 ± 0.31

Ln (C peptide 30’, ng/mL)

1.35 ± 0.44

1.67 ± 0.49

Ln (C peptide 60’, ng/mL)

1.58 ± 0.42

1.91 ± 0.46

Ln (C peptide 120’, ng/mL)

1.46 ± 0.46

1.82 ± 0.46

InsAUC₃₀/GluAUC₃₀ (mU/mmol)

4.18 ± 2.80

7.08 ± 5.02

InsAUC₁₂₀/GluAUC₁₂₀ (mU/mmol)

5.60 ± 3.09

10.44 ± 4.97

Sqrt HOMA-β

7.94 ± 1.88

10.45 ± 2.83

Sqrt DI₃₀

21.79 ± 6.27

18.47 ± 6.75

Sqrt DI₁₂₀

25.33 ± 5.97

21.59 ± 8.13

Ln [(ΔIns₃₀/ΔGlu₃₀)/HOMA-IR]

2.01 ± 0.91

1.58 ± 0.84

Total cholesterol (TC), mmol/L

5.41 ± 0.95

5.56 ± 1.09

Log (triglyceride [TG]) mmol/L)

0.08 ± 0.22

0.26 ± 0.27

Log (HDL-C, mmol/L)

0.12 ± 0.10

0.08 ± 0.08

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.73 ± 0.68

2.94 ± 0.73

Log (TG/HDL-C)

−0.04 ± 0.28

0.18 ± 0.30

TC/HDL-C

4.12 ± 0.94

4.62 ± 0.94

LDL-C/HDL-C

2.10 ± 0.67

2.45 ± 0.64