Table 1 Basic characteristics of this study population

Age (years)

43.81 ± 7.58

45.06 ± 8.77

46.45 ± 9.68

43.85 ± 8.79

0.996

0.921

0.884

0.912

Sex Female/male

292/282

301/288

168/164

173/165

0.927

0.981

0.880

0.934

Smoker, no. (%)

244 (42.5)

158 (26.8)

132 (39.6)

105 (31.3)

<0.001

<0.001

0.019

<0.001

Hypertension, no. (%)

279 (48.6)

225 (38.2)

147 (44.3)

71 (21.2)

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

ALT (U/L)

41.05 ± 8.50

40.69 ± 9.42

21.91 ± 5.90

19.15 ± 6.04

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.487

AST (U/L)

42.67 ± 7.58

42.32 ± 8.12

22.11 ± 5.71

21.63 ± 5.82

<0.001

<0.001

0.035

0.451

GGT (U/L)

40.18 ± 8.42

40.08 ± 8.42

22.37 ± 5.35

19.43 ± 5.60

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.839

TG (mmol/L)

2.49 ± 0.94

2.02 ± 0.82

1.41 ± 0.75

1.28 ± 0.70

<0.001

<0.001

0.027

<0.001

TC (mmol/L)

5.50 ± 1.01

4.72 ± 1.32

4.52 ± 1.22

4.04 ± 1.24

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

HDL (mmol/L)

1.10 ± 0.25

1.22 ± 0.31

1.34 ± 0.46

2.19 ± 0.64

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

LDL (mmol/L)

3.22 ± 0.62

2.96 ± 0.72

2.40 ± 0.57

2.54 ± 0.62

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²)

26.88 ± 3.77

26.29 ± 4.03

26.18 ± 3.42

23.22 ± 2.69

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.988