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Table 2 Inflammation biomarkers pre- and post-intervention across included studies

From: What is the impact of n-3 PUFAs on inflammation markers in Type 2 diabetic mellitus populations?: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

 

Placebo

N-3 PUFA

Inflammation biomarker

Author/year

n

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

n

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

P (vs placebo)

Note

CRP (mg/l)

Brinton 2013 [21]

165

2.50 ± 2.88

3.10 ± 3.48

165

2.50 ± 2.07

2.10 ± 2.52

NA

4 g/d EPA

165

2.50 ± 2.88

3.10 ± 3.48

171

2.10 ± 2.67

2.70 ± 2.52

NA

2 g/d EPA

Azizi-Soleiman 2013 [16]

17

2.15 ± 2.29

2.42 ± 2.49

14

2.20 ± 2.65

2.73 ± 3.45

NA

EPA treatment

17

2.15 ± 2.29

2.42 ± 2.49

14

2.85 ± 3.58

2.18 ± 2.98

NA

DHA treatment

Lee 2014 [17]

21

2.36 ± 0.57

3.72 ± 1.00

16

6.08 ± 3.19

3.59 ± 1.03

NA

 

Malekshahi Moghadam 2012 [18]

42

18.7 ± 16.8

18.2 ± 11.1

42

25.7 ± 27.4

20.4 ± 24.2

>0.05

 

Mori 2003 [19]

16

2.01 ± 0.57

2.12 ± 0.57

17

2.28 ± 0.55

2.02 ± 0.43

>0.05

EPA treatment

16

2.01 ± 0.57

2.12 ± 0.57

17

3.70 ± 0.61

3.84 ± 0.73

>0.05

DHA treatment

Pooya 2008 [20]

41

3.15 ± 0.36

3.80 ± 0.17

40

2.70 ± 0.02

2.48 ± 0.23

>0.05

 

Soleimani 2015 [23]

30

2.93 ± 0.45

2.56 ± 0.43

30

2.66 ± 0.51

2.42 ± 0.45

NA

 

Wong 2015 [22]

48

1.68 ± 2.53

1.28 ± 1.56

49

1.36 ± 1.43

1.71 ± 3.11

0.15

No adjustment for baseline value

TNF-α (pg/ml)

Malekshahi Moghadam 2012 [18]

42

38.7 ± 9.53

40.6 ± 11.0

42

37.5 ± 6.41

34.5 ± 6.40

0.002

 

Mori 2003 [19]

16

15.35 (10.7–22.0)

14.26 (10.7–18.9)

17

24.44 (18.2–32.9)

19.67 (14.6–26.5)

>0.05

EPA treatment

16

15.35 (10.7–22.0)

14.26 (10.7–18.9)

17

20.51 (14.7–28.6)

13.78 (9.50–19.9)

>0.05

DHA treatment

IL-2 (pg/ml)

Malekshahi Moghadam 2012 [18]

42

42.46 ± 19.78

51.52 ± 19.71

42

42.47 ± 13.85

35.25 ± 11.28

0.0001

 

IL-6 (pg/ml)

Mori 2003 [19]

16

1.76 (1.39–2.23)

1.96 (1.57–2.45)

17

1.75 (1.40–2.20)

1.78 (1.54–2.06)

>0.05

EPA treatment

16

1.76 (1.39–2.23)

1.96 (1.57–2.45)

17

2.22 (1.46–3.38)

2.15 (1.52–3.03)

>0.05

DHA treatment

  1. Mean ± SD or Geometric mean (95 % confidence interval); For Azizi-Soleiman (2013) we adjusted the reported units for CRP concentration; NA not available