Placebo | N-3 PUFA | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inflammation biomarker | Author/year | n | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | n | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | P (vs placebo) | Note |
CRP (mg/l) | Brinton 2013 [21] | 165 | 2.50 ± 2.88 | 3.10 ± 3.48 | 165 | 2.50 ± 2.07 | 2.10 ± 2.52 | NA | 4 g/d EPA |
165 | 2.50 ± 2.88 | 3.10 ± 3.48 | 171 | 2.10 ± 2.67 | 2.70 ± 2.52 | NA | 2 g/d EPA | ||
Azizi-Soleiman 2013 [16] | 17 | 2.15 ± 2.29 | 2.42 ± 2.49 | 14 | 2.20 ± 2.65 | 2.73 ± 3.45 | NA | EPA treatment | |
17 | 2.15 ± 2.29 | 2.42 ± 2.49 | 14 | 2.85 ± 3.58 | 2.18 ± 2.98 | NA | DHA treatment | ||
Lee 2014 [17] | 21 | 2.36 ± 0.57 | 3.72 ± 1.00 | 16 | 6.08 ± 3.19 | 3.59 ± 1.03 | NA | ||
Malekshahi Moghadam 2012 [18] | 42 | 18.7 ± 16.8 | 18.2 ± 11.1 | 42 | 25.7 ± 27.4 | 20.4 ± 24.2 | >0.05 | ||
Mori 2003 [19] | 16 | 2.01 ± 0.57 | 2.12 ± 0.57 | 17 | 2.28 ± 0.55 | 2.02 ± 0.43 | >0.05 | EPA treatment | |
16 | 2.01 ± 0.57 | 2.12 ± 0.57 | 17 | 3.70 ± 0.61 | 3.84 ± 0.73 | >0.05 | DHA treatment | ||
Pooya 2008 [20] | 41 | 3.15 ± 0.36 | 3.80 ± 0.17 | 40 | 2.70 ± 0.02 | 2.48 ± 0.23 | >0.05 | ||
Soleimani 2015 [23] | 30 | 2.93 ± 0.45 | 2.56 ± 0.43 | 30 | 2.66 ± 0.51 | 2.42 ± 0.45 | NA | ||
Wong 2015 [22] | 48 | 1.68 ± 2.53 | 1.28 ± 1.56 | 49 | 1.36 ± 1.43 | 1.71 ± 3.11 | 0.15 | No adjustment for baseline value | |
TNF-α (pg/ml) | Malekshahi Moghadam 2012 [18] | 42 | 38.7 ± 9.53 | 40.6 ± 11.0 | 42 | 37.5 ± 6.41 | 34.5 ± 6.40 | 0.002 | |
Mori 2003 [19] | 16 | 15.35 (10.7–22.0) | 14.26 (10.7–18.9) | 17 | 24.44 (18.2–32.9) | 19.67 (14.6–26.5) | >0.05 | EPA treatment | |
16 | 15.35 (10.7–22.0) | 14.26 (10.7–18.9) | 17 | 20.51 (14.7–28.6) | 13.78 (9.50–19.9) | >0.05 | DHA treatment | ||
IL-2 (pg/ml) | Malekshahi Moghadam 2012 [18] | 42 | 42.46 ± 19.78 | 51.52 ± 19.71 | 42 | 42.47 ± 13.85 | 35.25 ± 11.28 | 0.0001 | |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | Mori 2003 [19] | 16 | 1.76 (1.39–2.23) | 1.96 (1.57–2.45) | 17 | 1.75 (1.40–2.20) | 1.78 (1.54–2.06) | >0.05 | EPA treatment |
16 | 1.76 (1.39–2.23) | 1.96 (1.57–2.45) | 17 | 2.22 (1.46–3.38) | 2.15 (1.52–3.03) | >0.05 | DHA treatment |