Table 2 Fasting and postprandial glucose, NEFA, triglyceride, C-peptide and insulin response to fructose-rich or glucose-rich meals in Black African and White European participants

Glucose-rich meals

 Fasting triglyceride, mmol/L

0.84 (0.61–1.20)^a

1.18 (0.78–1.41)^a

 Fasting triglyceride 24 h, mmol/L

0.97 (0.75–1.39)

1.41 (0.87–1.51)

 Triglyceride iAUC_0–180, mmol/L/min

35 (11–56)^a

−4 (−10–1)^a,b

 Triglyceride iAUC_0–420, mmol/L/min

268 (77–334)^a

39 (0–111)^{a, b}

 Fasting glucose, mmol/L

4.9 ± 0.3

5.0 ± 0.2

 Glucose iAUC_0–180, mmol/L/min

65 (−45–139)

27 (−18–83)

 Glucose iAUC_0–420, mmol/L/min

40 (−281–251)

96 (−68–143)

 Fasting NEFA, μmol/L

0.7 ± 0.1

0.8 ± 0.09

 NEFA iAUC_0–180, μmol/L/min

−26 (−48– −3)^a

−72.60 (−81– −52)^a,b

 NEFA iAUC_0–420, μmol/L/min

−51 (−93–96)^a

−148.39 (−164– −94)^a

 Fasting insulin, mU/L

4.4 ± 1.3

3.5 ± 0.8

 Insulin iAUC_0–180, mU/L/min

3577 (1828–5035)

3596 (1939–4828)

 Fasting C-peptide, pmol/L

424 ± 80

409 ± 55

 C-peptide iAUC_0–180, pmol/L/min

188,000 (112,000–259,000)

208,000 (117,000–276,000)^b

Fructose-rich meals

 Fasting triglyceride, mmol/L

0.80 (0.6–1.1)^a

1.10 (0.9–1.5)^a

 Fasting triglycerides 24 h, mmol/L

1.09 (0.80–1.54)

1.16 (0.96–1.73)

 Triglyceride iAUC_0–180, mmol/L/min

48 (15–68)^a

13 (−7–38)^a,b

 Triglyceride iAUC_0–420, mmol/L/min

217 (139–279)^a

162 (37–219)^a,b

 Fasting glucose, mmol/L

4.8 ± 0.2

5.1 ± 0.1

 Glucose iAUC_0–180, mmol/L/min

−2 (−109–50)

−11 (−147–69)

 Glucose iAUC_0–420, mmol/L/min

−149 (−318–61)

−60 (−204–138)

 Fasting NEFA, μmol/L

0.8 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.1

 NEFA iAUC_0–180, μmol/L/min

−33 (−51–12)

−40 (−64– −30)^b

 NEFA iAUC_0–420, μmol/L/min

⁻51 (−96–46)

−77 (−124–−10)

 Fasting insulin, mU/L

3.3 ± 1.3

3.5 ± 0.5

 Insulin iAUC_0–180, mU/L/min

1710 (831–3975)

2318 (863–3276)

 Fasting C-peptide, pmol/L

329 ± 60

399 ± 49

 C-peptide iAUC_0–180, pmol/L/min

101,940 (68,708–148,140)

110,340 (80,753–175,901)^b