Table 1 Subject characteristics

Characteristics

Total (n = 215)

No-MetS (n = 175)

MetS (n = 40)

 Gender (Male/Female)

68/147

46/129

22/18

 Age (years)

62 (56–69)

62 (56–68)

66 (59–71)*

 BMI (kg/m²)

26.3 ± 0.3

25.5 ± 0.3

29.9 ± 0.6**

 Waist circumference (cm)

87.1 ± 0.9

84.1 ± 1

100.3 ± 1.4**

 WHR

0.83 ± 0.01

0.81 ± 0.01

0.92 ± 0.01**

 SAD (cm)

24.7 ± 0.3

23.6 ± 0.3

29.3 ± 0.5**

 Systolic BP (mmHg)

141 ± 1

139 ± 2

150 ± 3**

 Diastolic BP (mmHg)

83 ± 1

82 ± 1

85 ± 2

 Triglyceride (mmol/L)

1.1 ± 0.03

1 ± 0.03

1.7 ± 0.1**

 Total chol (mmol/L)

5.4 ± 0.1

5.4 ± 0.1

5.5 ± 0.2

 LDL chol (mmol/L)

3.3 ± 0.1

3.3 ± 0.1

3.5 ± 0.1

 HDL chol (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 0.03

1.6 ± 0.03

1.2 ± 0.03**

 Non-HDL chol (mmol/L)

3.9 ± 0.1

3.8 ± 0.1

4.3 ± 0.2**

 Glucose (mmol/L)

5.1 (4.8–5.4)

5.1 (4.8–5.3)

5.6 (5.3–5.9)**

 Insulin (mIU/L)

6 ± 0.2

5.4 ± 0.2

8.8 ± 0.5**

 HOMA-IR

1.4 ± 0.1

1.2 ± 0.04

2.2 ± 0.1**

 CRP (μg/mL)

2.9 ± 0.2

2.6 ± 0.2

4.3 ± 0.4**

 ApoB-48 (μg/mL)

4.8 (3.4–7.9)

4.6 (3.3–7.5)

6.8 (3.9–11.4)**

Metabolic parameters

Number of subjects

 BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

129 (60 %)

91 (52 %)

38 (95 %)

 Large waist

104 (48 %)

68 (39 %)

36 (90 %)

 Triglyceride ≥ 1.7 mmol/L

31 (14 %)

6 (3 %)

25 (63 %)

 Low HDL chol

30 (14 %)

10 (5 %)

20 (50 %)

 Hypertension

147 (69 %)

111 (63 %)

36 (92 %)

 Fasting glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/L

32 (15 %)

11 (6 %)

21 (53 %)