Composition and cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the oil of Piper aequale Vahl

Table 1 Oil composition (%) of Piper aequale

No.	Constituents	RI^a	RI^b	Oil %
01	α-Pinene	937	932	12.6
02	β-Pinene	980	974	15.6
03	Limonene	1031	1024	1.0
04	δ-Elemene	1333	1335	19.0
05	α-Cubebene	1345	1345	0.6
06	α-Ylangene	1365	1373	0.6
07	α-Copaene	1373	1374	0.9
08	β-Elemene	1382	1389	2.6
09	α-Gurjunene	1400	1409	0.1
10	β-Caryophyllene	1415	1417	1.3
11	β-Ylangene	1417	1419	0.4
12	γ-Elemene	1426	1434	1.6
13	Aromadendrene	1434	1439	0.1
14	cis-Muurola-3,5-diene	1445	1451	0.4
15	α-Humulene	1452	1452	0.7
16	allo-Aromadendrene	1456	1458	0.3
17	Iswharane	1464	1465	0.7
18	cis-Muurola-4(14),5-diene	1465	1465	0.6
19	Germacrene D	1477	1484	3.5
20	β-Selinene	1485	1489	0.2
21	trans-Muurola-4(14),5-diene	1487	1493	0.4
22	Bicyclogermacrene	1492	1500	5.5
23	α-Muurolene	1495	1500	0.7
24	Cubebol	1511	1514	7.2
25	δ-Cadinene	1515	1522	2.3
26	trans-Cadina-1,4-diene	1529	1533	0.2
27	α-Cadinene	1532	1537	0.1
28	Elemol	1545	1548	1.4
29	Germacrene B	1553	1559	0.1
30	Guaiol	1592	1600	0.9
31	β-Atlantol	1604	1608	5.9
32	epi-α-Muurolol	1639	1640	2.1
33	α-Muurolol	1642	1644	0.9
34	α-Cadinol	1650	1652	2.0
35	Selin-11-en-4-α-ol	1651	1658	0.1
36	Bulnesol	1662	1670	0.4
Monoterpene hydrocarbons				29.2
Sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons				42.9
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes				20.9
Total				93.0

^aRetention indices calculated for all volatile constituents using a homologous series of n-alkanes
^bRetention indices described in literature (Adams, 2007 [20])
The bold numbers represent the compounds with area percentage above 5%

ISSN: 1476-511X