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Fig. 8 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 8

From: Butyrate attenuates lipolysis in adipocytes co-cultured with macrophages through non-prostaglandin E2–mediated and prostaglandin E2–mediated pathways

Fig. 8

The effects of butyrate, PGE2, PTX, and adenylyl cyclase selective inhibitor (SQ22536) on cAMP formation in 3T3-L1 cells co-cultured using the transwell method for 24 h (a). The concentration of intracellular cAMP was measured using an assay kit. As the control, the concentration of intracellular cAMP was determined in untreated and non–co-cultured 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of butyrate, PGE2, PTX, and L798106 on lipolysis in cells co-cultured using the contact method for 24 h (a). Concentrations of FFAs (b) and free glycerol (c) in the co-culture medium were determined using an assay kit. As the control, the concentrations of FFAs and free glycerol were determined in the medium of untreated and non–co-cultured 3T3-L1 cells. The effects of butyrate and SQ22536 on lipolysis in cells co-cultured using the contact method for 24 h. Concentrations of FFAs (d) and free glycerol (e) in the co-culture medium were determined using an assay kit. As the control, the concentrations of FFAs and free glycerol were determined in the medium of untreated and non–co-cultured 3T3-L1 cells. Values from five independent experiments are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 versus co-culture, as determined by ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer test; p < 0.05 for co-culture without butyrate and with SQ22536 versus co-culture with both butyrate and SQ22536, as determined by paired t-test

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