Table 1 Mean fractions of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes of the non-human primates (n = 3 in each of the two groups) at baseline, during and after treatment with the omega-3 rich phospholipid preparation, ranked according to increasing carbon chain-length and double-bonds
Fatty acid | Group | Baseline | Week after start of treatment | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 | |||
Myristic C14:0 | Control | 0.18% | 0.16% | 0.18% | 0.19% | 0.16% | 0.13% | 0.17% | 0.17% | 0.16% | 0.14% | 0.17% |
Treated | 0.23% | 0.22% | 0.22% | 0.19% | 0.21% | 0.21% | 0.20% | 0.15% | 0.21% | 0.19% | 0.20% | |
Palmitic C16:0 | Control | 20.7% | 21.0% | 21.6% | 21.7% | 21.3% | 20.8% | 20.5% | 20.6% | 21.4% | 20.3% | 20.8% |
Treated | 21.9% | 22.5% | 22.7% | 22.0% | 22.5% | 23.4% | 21.9% | 22.5% | 22.3% | 21.8% | 21.4% | |
Palmitoleic C16:1n7 | Control | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.16% | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.13% | 0.13% | 0.13% |
Treated | 0.27% | 0.28% | 0.28% | 0.22% | 0.20% | 0.15% | 0.15% | 0.19% | 0.23% | 0.22% | 0.22% | |
Palmitelaidic C16:1n7t | Control | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.08% | 0.06% | 0.08% | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.06% | 0.07% |
Treated | 0.12% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.16% | 0.17% | 0.12% | 0.13% | 0.12% | 0.12% | |
Stearic C18:0 | Control | 18.1% | 18.1% | 18.1% | 18.3% | 18.0% | 17.6% | 17.8% | 18.1% | 18.0% | 17.8% | 17.9% |
Treated | 15.9% | 16.1% | 16.0% | 16.0% | 16.4% | 15.2% | 15.7% | 16.5% | 16.2% | 16.0% | 16.0% | |
Oleic C18:1n9 | Control | 9.54% | 9.49% | 9.73% | 9.72% | 9.63% | 9.50% | 9.49% | 9.59% | 9.52% | 9.30% | 9.34% |
Treated | 10.4% | 10.2% | 9.98% | 9.43% | 9.45% | 8.88% | 9.14% | 9.80% | 9.73% | 9.72% | 9.46% | |
Elaidic C18:1n9t | Control | 0.14% | 0.13% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.16% | 0.17% | 0.12% | 0.12% | 0.12% |
Treated | 0.14% | 0.15% | 0.15% | 0.15% | 0.17% | 0.18% | 0.17% | 0.16% | 0.14% | 0.13% | 0.12% | |
Linoleic C18:2n6 | Control | 22.7% | 22.1% | 22.7% | 22.5% | 22.4% | 23.3% | 23.4% | 23.6% | 24.8% | 25.4% | 25.4% |
Treated | 22.4% | 20.3% | 20.8% | 19.0% | 18.9% | 16.7% | 17.1% | 21.2% | 23.4% | 23.9% | 24.1% | |
Linoelaidic C18:2n6t | Control | 0.30% | 0.23% | 0.25% | 0.25% | 0.19% | 0.19% | 0.18% | 0.16% | 0.17% | 0.14% | 0.17% |
Treated | 0.26% | 0.21% | 0.25% | 0.16% | 0.18% | 0.15% | 0.16% | 0.15% | 0.16% | 0.14% | 0.15% | |
alpha-linolenic C18:3n3 | Control | 0.20% | 0.20% | 0.26% | 0.25% | 0.27% | 0.31% | 0.31% | 0.33% | 0.38% | 0.38% | 0.38% |
Treated | 0.21% | 0.22% | 0.25% | 0.22% | 0.20% | 0.18% | 0.20% | 0.28% | 0.34% | 0.35% | 0.33% | |
gamma-linolenic C18:3n6 | Control | 0.10% | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.07% | 0.10% | 0.11% | 0.10% | 0.11% | 0.10% | 0.08% | 0.09% |
Treated | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.09% | 0.07% | 0.07% | 0.04% | 0.05% | 0.06% | 0.08% | 0.07% | 0.09% | |
Arachidic C20:0 | Control | 0.35% | 0.35% | 0.35% | 0.35% | 0.37% | 0.35% | 0.36% | 0.37% | 0.35% | 0.37% | 0.38% |
Treated | 0.32% | 0.31% | 0.33% | 0.32% | 0.34% | 0.32% | 0.32% | 0.33% | 0.34% | 0.34% | 0.37% | |
Eicosenoic C20:1n9 | Control | 0.52% | 0.49% | 0.51% | 0.49% | 0.50% | 0.47% | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.44% | 0.43% | 0.45% |
Treated | 0.59% | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.51% | 0.52% | 0.44% | 0.44% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.45% | 0.49% | |
Eicosadienoic C20:2n6 | Control | 0.79% | 0.73% | 0.70% | 0.69% | 0.68% | 0.73% | 0.73% | 0.72% | 0.75% | 0.74% | 0.74% |
Treated | 0.74% | 0.72% | 0.71% | 0.64% | 0.62% | 0.55% | 0.52% | 0.69% | 0.70% | 0.72% | 0.74% | |
Dihomo-g-linolenic C20:3n6 | Control | 1.27% | 1.22% | 1.23% | 1.21% | 1.13% | 1.22% | 1.23% | 1.23% | 1.20% | 1.10% | 1.12% |
Treated | 1.84% | 1.61% | 1.53% | 1.15% | 1.06% | 0.81% | 0.75% | 1.12% | 1.28% | 1.36% | 1.46% | |
Arachidonic C20:4n6 | Control | 13.9% | 14.3% | 13.4% | 13.4% | 13.7% | 13.8% | 13.9% | 13.6% | 12.8% | 13.0% | 12.6% |
Treated | 11.7% | 11.9% | 10.8% | 10.5% | 9.41% | 8.49% | 8.10% | 8.63% | 8.63% | 9.53% | 9.88% | |
Behenic C22:0 | Control | 0.40% | 0.43% | 0.36% | 0.35% | 0.45% | 0.43% | 0.41% | 0.43% | 0.36% | 0.46% | 0.40% |
Treated | 0.40% | 0.38% | 0.36% | 0.42% | 0.41% | 0.37% | 0.41% | 0.38% | 0.37% | 0.39% | 0.41% | |
Docosatetraenoic C22:4n6 | Control | 1.33% | 1.33% | 1.32% | 1.31% | 1.33% | 1.34% | 1.40% | 1.36% | 1.29% | 1.30% | 1.29% |
Treated | 1.39% | 1.24% | 1.11% | 0.87% | 0.70% | 0.49% | 0.39% | 0.42% | 0.47% | 0.64% | 0.74% | |
Docosapentaenoic C22:5n3 | Control | 2.10% | 2.07% | 2.09% | 2.13% | 2.13% | 2.14% | 2.12% | 2.04% | 1.95% | 2.02% | 2.06% |
Treated | 2.75% | 3.18% | 3.42% | 3.93% | 4.07% | 4.36% | 4.53% | 4.16% | 3.74% | 3.65% | 3.63% | |
Docosapentaenoic C22:5n6 | Control | 0.40% | 0.54% | 0.34% | 0.36% | 0.49% | 0.48% | 0.39% | 0.41% | 0.27% | 0.42% | 0.40% |
Treated | 0.41% | 0.38% | 0.30% | 0.48% | 0.43% | 0.38% | 0.39% | 0.31% | 0.29% | 0.41% | 0.46% | |
Lignoceric C24:0 | Control | 0.40% | 0.46% | 0.33% | 0.30% | 0.48% | 0.47% | 0.41% | 0.39% | 0.31% | 0.46% | 0.39% |
Treated | 0.39% | 0.35% | 0.32% | 0.48% | 0.44% | 0.39% | 0.44% | 0.35% | 0.32% | 0.41% | 0.44% | |
Nervonic C24:1n9 | Control | 0.41% | 0.50% | 0.30% | 0.26% | 0.48% | 0.45% | 0.39% | 0.38% | 0.25% | 0.45% | 0.33% |
Treated | 0.46% | 0.44% | 0.33% | 0.58% | 0.48% | 0.40% | 0.46% | 0.33% | 0.30% | 0.42% | 0.45% | |
Dose (mg phospholipids/kg bw/day) | 50 | 150 | 450 | 0 | ||||||||
Dose (mg [EPA/DHA]/kg bw/day) | 9.35/5.48 | 28.0/16.4 | 84.1/49.3 | 0/0 | ||||||||