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Table 1 Characteristics of the study subjects
| Variables | All | Male subjects | Female subjects | P value between genders |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 1470 | n = 512 | n = 958 | ||
| Age (ys) | 57.7 (8.1) | 59.0 (8.3) | 57.0 (8.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (2.9) | 23.1 (3.0) | 22.7 (2.9) | 0.029 |
| WHR | 0.868 (0.069) | 0.901 (0.069) | 0.850 (0.061) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 317 (21.6%) | 296 (57.8%) | 21 (2.2) | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.4 (11.1) | 121.8 (11.2) | 119.6 (11.0) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.5 (7.7) | 73.1 (7.8) | 70.7 (7.5) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.0 (0.9) | 4.8 (0.9) | 5.2 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.9 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.7) | 3.0 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.4) | <0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.5 (0.9) | 3.4 (0.8) | 3.6 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.6) | 1.4 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.167 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.4) | 4.9 (0.3) | 0.608 |
| PPG (mmol/L) | 5.6 (1.1) | 5.6 (1.2) | 5.6 (1.1) | 0.391 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-B% | 93.3 (67.0–126.2) | 83.9 (58.2–123.4) | 97.3 (71.7–128.9) | <0.001 |
| CIMT (mm) | 0.712 (0.130) | 0.746 (0.142) | 0.694 (0.119) | <0.001 |
| Carotid plaque (n,%) | 276 (18.8%) | 138 (27.0%) | 138 (14.4%) | <0.001 |
