Table 3 Composition of other bioactive ingredients contained in sea-buckthorn oil and their significance for a human health

120–550 mg%

antioxidant properties

71 wt.% of polyphenols

participation in the creation of dyes and protection against the development of undesirable microflora [83]

inhibition of thrombosis and hypertension [80,84,86], and promotion of wound healing [87]

antioxidants, stabilization of ascorbic acid [88]

1 wt.%

reduction of blood cholesterol level, importance in the treatment of burns, huge contribution in the synthesis of steroid hormones and other biologically active compounds [89, 90]

48–53 wt.% of phytosterols

110 mg%

antioxidants, according to the study, the degree of fruit ripeness effects on the content of tocopherols [91, 92]

62–68 wt.% of tocopherols

32–37 wt.% of tocopherols

they are energy-providing chemical substances consumed by organisms in large quantities [93]

168–219 mg%

affects muscle spasms

8.3–9.5 mg%

with calcium is responsible for the proper functioning of the nervous system

5–7.2 mg%

for the proper functioning of the muscular system

they are required by organisms throughout life in small quantities to orchestrate a range of physiological functions [93]

1.24 mg%

component of hemoglobin, myoglobin and coenzymes many enzymes involved, among others, in the formation of ATP

0.25 mg%

participates in various stages of protein biosynthesis, ingredient of insulin (also plays an important role in the storage of the pancreas), regulates the concentration of vitamin A is used in the formation of bone, stimulates growth and tissue repair (wound healing)

necessary for proper development of tissue (especially bone) and for the functioning of the central nervous system

0.006 mg%

cofactor of many enzymes

0.015 mg%

component of urease - an enzyme decomposing urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide

they have diverse biochemical functions [93]

900 mg%

antioxidant, participates in the synthesis of collagen fibers, removes free radicals and strengthens immunity.

60 mg%

antioxidant

up to 160 mg%

antioxidant

0.016–0.035 mg%

function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them

0.03–0.05 mg%

up to 0.079 mg%

0.9–15 mg%

normalizes blood clotting, and is essential for preventing osteoporosis and normal renal function

prevents rickets and osteomalacia

7.94–28.16 mg%

antioxidants and plant pigments, anticancer properties [91, 94,95,96,97,98]

14–25 wt.% of carotenoids

30 wt.% of carotenoids

30 wt.% of carotenoids

15 wt.% of carotenoids