Skip to main content

Table 1 Demographic Characteristic and concentration of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress biomarkers in FH, RUC and NC groups

From: Enhanced status of inflammation and endothelial activation in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia and their related unaffected family members: a case control study

Parameters

FH (n = 131)

RUC (n = 68)

NC (n = 214)

p-value (FH vs. NC)

p-value (FH vs. RUC)

p-value (RUC vs. NC)

aAge (years)

45.1 ± 1.21

29.8 ± 3.00

43.6 ± 0.81

NS

***

***

bGender (% Female/Male)

55.7/44.3

60.3/39.7

58.4/41.6

NS

NS

NS

bEthnicity (% Malay/Chinese/Indian)

76.3/22.1/1.5

60.3/39.7/0.0

82.2/15.4/2.3

NS

*

***

bCurrent smoker (%)

13.0

1.5

19.2

NS

NS

NS

aBMI (kg/m2)

24.8 ± 0.44

25.8 ± 2.18

25.3 ± 0.33

NS

NS

NS

aSystolic BP (mmHg)

133 ± 1.99

120 ± 4.00

124 ± 1.31

***

NS

NS

aDiastolic BP (mmHg)

76.6 ± 1.03

77.4 ± 2.56

77.3 ± 0.91

NS

NS

NS

aTC(mmol/L)

8.43 ± 0.18

5.16 ± 0.40

5.44 ± 0,06

***

***

NS

aTG (mmol/L)

1.94 ± 0.15

1.12 ± 0.20

1.53 ± 0.06

*

NS

NS

aHDL-c (mmol/L)

1.28 ± 0.03

1.45 ± 0.26

1.47 ± 0.26

***

NS

NS

aLDL-c (mmol/L)

6.26 ± 0.19

3.21 ± 0.33

3.29 ± 0.05

***

***

NS

Biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial activation and oxidative stress

  ahsCRP (mg/L)

1.53 ± 1.24

2.54 ± 2.30

1.10 ± 0.89

*

***

***

  asICAM-1 (ng/mL)

947 ± 742

945 ± 379

655 ± 191

***

NS

**

  aE-selectin (ng/mL)

175 ± 131

7.89 ± 4.05

21.6 ± 10.7

***

***

NS

  aox-LDL (mU/L)

48.2 ± 26.8

25.2 ± 20.6

27.3 ± 13.2

***

***

NS

  aMDA (nmol/mL)

2.57 ± 1.30

2.0 ± 0.9

1.20 ± 0.30

***

***

***

  aF2- Isoprostanes (pg/L)

645 ± 396

NA

398 ± 20.5

***

-

-

  1. FH familial hypercholesterolaemia, RUC related unaffected controls, NC normolipaemic subjects BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-c high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low density lipoprotein cholesterol, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, sICAM-1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, MDA Malondialdehyde
  2. Data were expressed as amean ± SD, or bpercentage. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, NS: not significant