From: Lipids characterization of ultrasound and microwave processed germinated sorghum
Processing type | Growth conditions & treatments | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before germination | After germination | |||||||||
Raw seed | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | |
Palmitoleic acid (C16:1) | ||||||||||
 Untreated | 0.43 ± 0.02b | - | - | - | - | 0.48 ± 0.02a | - | - | - | - |
 MW | - | 0.43 ± 0.01b | 0.43 ± 0.02b | 0.43 ± 0.02b | 0.44 ± 0.04b | - | 0.47 ± 0.01a | 0.48 ± 0.02a | 0.48 ± 0.02a | 0.49 ± 0.05a |
 US | - | 0.43 ± 0.02b | 0.43 ± 0.02b | 0.44 ± 0.03b | 0.45 ± 0.05b | - | 0.47 ± 0.01a | 0.47 ± 0.01a | 0.48 ± 0.03a | 0.48 ± 0.04a |
 MW & US | - | 0.43 ± 0.02b | 0.44 ± 0.03b | 0.45 ± 0.04b | 0.45 ± 0.05b | - | 0.47 ± 0.01a | 0.48 ± 0.02a | 0.49 ± 0.04a | 0.49 ± 0.05a |
Oleic acid (C18:1) | ||||||||||
 Untreated | 37.15 ± 0.10a | - | - | - | - | 34.1 ± 0.11b | - | - | - | - |
 MW | - | 37.12 ± 0.11a | 37.15 ± 0.11a | 37.15 ± 0.13a | 37.17 ± 0.15a | - | 34.04 ± 0.10b | 34.1 ± 0.10b | 34.10 ± 0.11b | 34.12 ± 0.14b |
 US | - | 37.15 ± 0.13a | 37.15 ± 0.13a | 37.18 ± 0.11a | 37.20 ± 0.14a | - | 34.08 ± 0.12b | 34.11 ± 0.12b | 34.11 ± 0.10b | 34.15 ± 0.13b |
 MW & US | - | 37.17 ± 0.14a | 37.17 ± 0.14a | 37.20 ± 0.15a | 37.20 ± 0.14a | - | 34.12 ± 0.13b | 34.14 ± 0.10b | 34.15 ± 0.11b | 34.15 ± 0.11b |
Linoleic acid (C18:2) | ||||||||||
 Untreated | 43.33 ± 0.21a | - | - | - | - | 43.45 ± 0.22a | - | - |  | - |
 MW | - | 43.39 ± 0.26a | 43.45 ± 0.29a | 43.47 ± 0.29a | 43.53 ± 0.30a | - | 43.48 ± 0.24a | 43.52 ± 0.26a | 43.55 ± 0.26a | 43.57 ± 0.31a |
 US | - | 43.33 ± 0.21a | 43.34 ± 0.20a | 43.46 ± 0.27a | 43.46 ± 0.28a | - | 43.42 ± 0.21a | 43.42 ± 0.21a | 43.47 ± 0.25a | 43.48 ± 0.25a |
 MW & US | - | 43.42 ± 0.23a | 43.44 ± 0.23a | 43.47 ± 0.29a | 43.47 ± 0.30a | - | 43.45 ± 0.22a | 43.46 ± 0.22a | 43.57 ± 0.29a | 43.57 ± 0.31a |
Linolenic acid (C18:3) | ||||||||||
 Untreated | 1.55 ± 0.04b | - | - | - | - | 1.89 ± 0.07a | - | - |  | - |
 MW | - | 1.54 ± 0.04d | 1.54 ± 0.04d | 1.56 ± 0.05cd | 1.58 ± 0.06c | - | 1.85 ± 0.05bc | 1.85 ± 0.05bc | 1.91 ± 0.10b | 1.93 ± 0.11ab |
 US | - | 1.55 ± 0.04d | 1.56 ± 0.05cd | 1.59 ± 0.06c | 1.60 ± 0.09c | - | 1.86 ± 0.05bc | 1.86 ± 0.08bc | 1.94 ± 0.12ab | 1.96 ± 0.12a |
 MW & US | - | 1.55 ± 0.05d | 1.57 ± 0.06cd | 1.58 ± 0.08c | 1.59 ± 0.08c | - | 1.87 ± 0.06bc | 1.90 ± 0.01b | 1.93 ± 0.11ab | 1.96 ± 0.12a |
Eicosenoic acid (C20:1) | ||||||||||
 Untreated | 0.37 ± 0.02a | - | - | - | - | 0.34 ± 0.01b | - | - |  | - |
 MW | - | 0.37 ± 0.02ab | 0.37 ± 0.02ab | 0.39 ± 0.02a | 0.40 ± 0.03a | - | 0.34 ± 0.02b | 0.35 ± 0.01b | 0.35 ± 0.02b | 0.38 ± 0.03a |
 US | - | 0.31 ± 0.01bc | 0.32 ± 0.01bc | 0.35 ± 0.01b | 0.35 ± 0.02b | - | 0.3 ± 0.01c | 0.3 ± 0.01c | 0.32 ± 0.02bc | 0.33 ± 0.03bc |
 MW & US | - | 0.35 ± 0.02b | 0.37 ± 0.03ab | 0.40 ± 0.03a | 0.40 ± 0.04a | - | 0.33 ± 0.02bc | 0.34 ± 0.01b | 0.39 ± 0.04a | 0.39 ± 0.04a |