Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Overall (n = 452) | ART – (n = 52) | ART + (n = 400) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Mean age (years) | 44.4 ± 9.8 | 43.7 ± 9.9 | 44.7 ± 9.9 | 0.064 |
Mean systolic Blood pressure (mmHg) | 123.4 ± 22.5 | 124.0 ± 23.6 | 123.3 ± 22.4 | 0.849 |
Mean diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 81.3 ± 13.5 | 82.0 ± 14.7 | 81.2 ± 13.4 | 0.700 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 60 (13.3) | 11 (21.1) | 49 (12.3) | 0.075 |
Mean body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.8 ± 5.3 | 24.0 ± 4.8 | 26.0 ± 5.3 | 0.006 |
Obesity, n (%) | 218 (48.0) | 14 (26.9) | 203 (50.8) | 0.001 |
Mean waist circumference (cm) | 82.1 ± 11.6 | 78.1 ± 10.9 | 82.6 ± 11.6 | 0.007 |
Abdominal obesity, n (%) | 195 (43.1) | 12 (25.0) | 182 (45.5) | 0.005 |
Mean hip circumference (cm) | 95.1 ± 11.2 | 90.7 ± 9.5 | 95.6 ± 11.7 | 0.001 |
Mean waist/hip ratio | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.86 ± 0.07 | 0.744 |
Biological characteristics | ||||
Median CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 375 (245–532) | 352 (173–600) | 375 (258–523) | 0.933 |
Undetectable Viral load (≤ 60 copies/ml), n (%) | 72/84 (85.7) | 2/2 (100) | 70/82 (85.5) | >0.999 |
Mean fasting glycaemia (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 0.134 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 9 (2.0) | 1 (1.9) | 8 (2.0) | 0.970 |
Mean total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 1.0 | 0.001 |
Hypercholesterolaemia, n (%) | 26 (5.8) | 1 (1.9) | 25 (6.3) | 0.341 |
Mean HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
Low HDL, n (%) | 106 (23.5) | 28 (55.3) | 78 (19.5) | < 0.001 |
Mean triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.233 |
Hypertriglyceridaemia, n (%) | 35 (7.7) | 4 (7.7) | 31 (7.8) | 0.988 |
Mean LDLcholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 0.739 |
High LDL cholesterol, n (%) | 17 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) | 16 (4.0) | 0.707 |
Any dyslipidemia, n (%) | 153 (33.8) | 30 (57.7) | 123 (30.8) | < 0.001 |
Median C-peptide | 9.1 (6.8–13.5) | 9.2 (8.0–15.4) | 9.1 (6.6–12.6) | 0.860 |
Median HOMA-IR like index | 2.0 (1.4–3.2) | 1.9 (1.4–2.8) | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | 0.219 |
Insulin resistance, n (%) | 214 (47.3) | 20 (38.5) | 194 (48.5) | 0.480 |
Metabolic syndrome, n (%) | 53 (11.7) | 3 (5.8) | 50 (12.5) | 0.156 |