Table 2 Effect sizes of included studies in this meta-analysis

Bauer, L 2017 [30]

12.2 ± 2.4

CVE

Q1: 1;

Q2: 0.58 (0.33–1.00);

Q3: 0.67 (0.39–1.15);

Q4: 0.91 (0.51–1.62);

Age, sex, BMI, BP, smoking status, GFR, and log albuminuria

Tejera-Segura, B 2017 [31]

Control: 16.9 ± 10.4;

Case: 18.9 ± 9.0

Subclinical atherosclerosis

0.94 (0.89–0.98)

Age, sex, SBP, DM, ESR, DAS28 and tocilizumab use

Kopecky, C, 2016 [32]

T1: 0.73;

T2: 0.89;

T3: 1.08

CVD

0.92 (0.83–1.02)

Traditional risk factors, LDL-C, HDL-C, apoA-I, and CRP

Javaheri, A, 2016 [33]

Alive: 0.98 ± 0.03;

Dead: 0.89 ± 0.03.

Mortality

0.19 (0.06–0.56)

HDL-C, LDL-C, ischemic origin, and rejection

Mody, P, 2016 [34]

/

CVD

0.35 (0.23–0.55)

TC, HDL-C, history of blood pressure medication use, BMI, and CRP

Liu, C 2016 [35]

Q1: 0.70 (0.17–0.79);

Q2: 0.86 (0.79–0.93);

Q3: 1.00 (0.93–1.07);

Q4: 1.15 (1.07–2.01)

All-cause death and cardiovascular death

All-cause death:

0.10 (0.01–0.74);

Cardiovascular death: 0.08 (0.01–0.68)

Age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol drinking, hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, lipid-lowering drug use, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apoA-I

Zhang, J 2016 [36]

/

CVD

0.30 (0.14–0.67)

Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, LDL-C, HDL-C, Apo A, Apo B, and regular medication

Ogura, M, 2016 [37]

/

Incidence of CVD

0.95 (0.90–0.99)

Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, obesity, LDL-C, TG, HDL-C

Annema, W, 2016 [38]

T1 (%): 5.8(5.3–6.4);

T2 (%): 7.3(6.8–7.9);

T3 (%): 9.0(8.2–9.8)

All-cause death and cardiovascular death

CV mortality:

0.96 (0.72–1.27);

All-cause mortality:

0.84 (0.68–1.04)

Age, sex, apo A-I, HDL-C cholesterol and creatinine clearance

Ishikawa, T, 2016 [39]

CAD: 0.86 ± 0.26;

Non-CAD: 1.02 ± 0.38

Incidence of CVD

0.23 (0.056–0.91)

Baseline adjustment

Saleheen, D, 2015 [40]

/

Incidence of CHD events

Top vs. bottom:

0.64 (0.51–0.80);

Per 1 SD:

0.80 (0.70–0.90)

Age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette use, alcohol use, waist:hip ratio and BMI, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C

Rohatgi, A, 2014 [12]

0.21–3.93

Incidence of CVD

0.33 (0.109–0.55)

Age, sex, race, diabetes, hypertension,smoking, BMI, TG, TC, and statin use

Li, X M, 2013 [41]

/

Incidence of CAD and MACE

1.85 (1.11–3.06)

Age, sex, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, LDL-C, and HDL-C

Khera, A V, 2011 [29]

Case: 0.82;

Control: 0.9

CAD

Per 1 SD increase:

0.75 (0.63–0.90);

Q4 vs. Q1:

0.48 (0.30–0.78)

Cardiovascular risk factors and HDL-C

Khera, A V, 2011 [29]

0.77(0.36–1.68)

CVD prevalence

Per 1 SD increase:

0.97 (0.94–0.99)

Age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors a nd HDL-C