Table 2 Principal alkyl and alkenyl glycerolipids identified in GI cancer patients, the type of tissue sample analyzed and techniques of lipidic analysis employed
From: Plasmalogen lipids: functional mechanism and their involvement in gastrointestinal cancer
| Â | Samples | Biomarker | Analytical Methods | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Liver | Hepatocellular carcinoma | ↑ Neutral 0-alkylglycerolipids | Gas-chromatographic (GC) and colorimetric estimation | [106] |
Colon | Tissue - 16 malignant human colon and 11 non-malignant | ↑ PC plasmalogen ↓ PE plasmalogen | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) | [85] |
Colon | Tissue - human colon carcinoma | ↑ PC and PE plasmalogen | Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | [5] |
Esophageal | Tissue - 36 malignant esophageal tumors | ↓ PE plasmalogen | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) | [77] |
Colorectal cancer liver metastasis | Tissue – 40 liver metastases of colorectal cancers and 31 primary colorectal adenocarcinomas | ↑PE plasmalogen (34:2) | Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) | [87] |
Pancreatic | Serum – 40 japanese pancreatic cancer patients and 50 controls | ↓ PE plasmalogen | Flow-injection Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FI-FTICR-MS) | [75] |
Colorectal cancer | Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in 59 CRC patients (tumor stages I–IV) | ↓ PC and PE plasmalogen (P-38:4/ P-36:4/) in visceral adipose tissue | Gas Chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CG-TOF-MS) and Liquid Chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QqTOF-MS) | [107] |
Gastric | Plasma - 29 gastric carcinoma patients and 30 normal controls | ↑ Plasmalogen | Method of Svennerholm (iodine disappearance method) | [88] |
Colorectal cancer liver metastasis | Tissue - 52 liver lesions from 50 patients | ↑ PE Plasmalogen (P-16:0/18:2, P-16:0/18:1) | Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) | [91] |