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Table 4 Effect of theaflavin and thearubigins and their combination based intervention on body weight serum triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), glucose and insulin in normal, hypercholestrolemic and hyperglycemic rats at the termination of the study

From: Exploring the potential of black tea based flavonoids against hyperlipidemia related disorders

Parameters

Baseline values

Treatments

Normal rats

(Study I)

Hypocholestrolemic rats

(Study II)

Hyperglycemic rats

(Study III)

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 1

Trial 2

Body weight (at termination of study)

128 ± 10.25

T0 (Control)

225 ± 4.21a

228 ± 5.01a

255 ± 7.51a

253 ± 6.25a

243 ± 6.21a

240 ± 7.25a

T1

215.30 ± 4.14c

216.13 ± 5.21c

231.74 ± 7.12d

227.17 ± 6.12d

224.78 ± 7.23c

223.24 ± 9.21c

T2

220.48 ± 5.52ab

220.21 ± 4.13ab

242.28 ± 6.12b

240.20 ± 5.43b

232.94 ± 5.34ab

228.74 ± 6.21ab

T3

218.22 ± 7.25b

217.30 ± 8.42b

237.12 ± 6.91c

235.57 ± 5.62c

230.34 ± 7.21b

228.02 ± 5.21b

TC (mg/dL)

77.80 ± 3.56

T0 (Control)

80.25 ± 4.21

83.27 ± 5.01

148 ± 7.51a

145 ± 6.25a

97 ± 3.21a

95 ± 4.25a

T1

77.24 ± 4.14

80.81 ± 5.21

131.67 ± 7.02d

129.58 ± 6.14d

89.60 ± 5.21c

87.35 ± 3.21c

T2

78.68 ± 5.52

82.08 ± 4.13

141.50 ± 6.12b

136.53 ± 5.43b

92.96 ± 5.34b

90.65 ± 6.21b

T3

77.87 ± 2.25

81.23 ± 3.41

137.65 ± 6.91c

134.60 ± 5.62c

91.05 ± 7.21b

90.00 ± 5.21b

LDL-C (mg/dL)

26.56 ± 3.56

T0 (Control)

30.08 ± 1.26

28.09 ± 2.31

61.74 ± 2.31a

59.45 ± 3.13a

48.36 ± 3.51a

46.86 ± 4.13a

T1

28.91 ± 1.83

26.95 ± 1.98

52.94 ± 3.92d

50.47 ± 2.13d

43.31 ± 2.91c

41.19 ± 2.33c

T2

29.69 ± 1.32

27.54 ± 1.96

57.02 ± 4.14b

54.61 ± 3.90b

45.93 ± 2.92b

44.00 ± 2.57b

T3

29.11 ± 1.64

26.97 ± 1.43

55.42 ± 2.51c

52.21 ± 3.12c

44.50 ± 3.63b

43.05 ± 3.54b

HDL-C (mg/dL)

32.56 ± 3.56

T0 (Control)

35.76 ± 2.35

37.47 ± 3.35

57.67 ± 4.11b

59.22 ± 3.62b

40.55 ± 1.09b

41.56 ± 2.03b

T1

36.83 ± 2.61

38.47 ± 1.09

60.70 ± 5.32a

62.45 ± 5.62a

42.31 ± 3.22a

43.33 ± 4.54a

T2

36.22 ± 2.51

38.04 ± 2.11

58.96 ± 5.12b

60.58 ± 3.63b

41.28 ± 3.12ab

42.35 ± 2.90ab

T3

36.76 ± 2.11

38.31 ± 1.61

60.06 ± 3.92a

61.80 ± 4.11a

42.17 ± 3.91a

43.12 ± 2.80a

TG (mg/dL)

58.26 ± 3.56

T0 (Control)

65.73 ± 5.21

67.47 ± 4.23

98.88 ± 7.02a

95.01 ± 6.52a

78.99 ± 5.13a

76.14 ± 6.31a

T1

63.76 ± 2.03

65.44 ± 4.12

90.43 ± 7.05d

87.45 ± 6.35d

73.82 ± 5.10c

70.79 ± 3.19c

T2

64.68 ± 3.20

66.11 ± 4.01

95.13 ± 5.81b

91.19 ± 6.02b

76.01 ± 6.21b

73.09 ± 5.69b

T3

64.01 ± 3.08

65.88 ± 4.02

92.26 ± 7.01c

88.35 ± 5.03c

74.94 ± 4.15b

71.56 ± 5.21b

Glucose (mg/dL)

79.63 ± 3.72

T0 (Control)

85.13 ± 6.23

87.60 ± 5.03

100.34 ± 8.52a

98.02 ± 7.13a

135.19 ± 9.99a

140.91 ± 8.54a

T1

82.57 ± 4.52

85.10 ± 6.12

93.95 ± 8.25b

90.76 ± 8.56b

122.85 ± 9.63c

128.49 ± 9.25c

T2

82.61 ± 6.02

85.84 ± 5.86

92.13 ± 6.98b

94.41 ± 7.45b

126.04 ± 9.45b

132.18 ± 7.46b

T3

81.74 ± 3.25

84.22 ± 4.86

91.49 ± 7.84c

88.44 ± 6.98c

120.28 ± 8.51d

123.67 ± 6.35d

Insulin μU/Ml

6.23 ± 0.56

T0 (Control)

7.59 ± 0.65

8.74 ± 0.70

9.56 ± 0.36b

10.89 ± 0.35b

12.02 ± 1.01bc

13.37 ± 1.12bc

T1

7.81 ± 0.15

9.01 ± 0.32

10.03 ± 0.92a

11.33 ± 0.45a

12.97 ± 1.22a

14.39 ± 1.32a

T2

7.75 ± 0.61

8.94 ± 0.81

9.83 ± 0.94a

11.19 ± 0.84a

12.47 ± 1.21b

13.85 ± 1.23b

T3

7.84 ± 0.45

9.10 ± 0.41

10.09 ± 0.15a

11.59 ± 0.86a

13.02 ± 1.02a

14.55 ± 1.13a

Glutathione mg/L

49.01 ± 2.01

T0 (Control)

48.49 ± 3.12c

49.51 ± 2.98c

38.27 ± 3.12c

39.45 ± 3.15d

41.23 ± 2.09c

40.28 ± 3.06c

T1

50.43 ± 2.92ab

51.97 ± 3.15ab

41.72 ± 2.35b

43.40 ± 3.55b

44.22 ± 3.47b

43.59 ± 3.12b

T2

49.49 ± 2.10b

51.41 ± 2.12b

40.23 ± 2.98bc

41.81 ± 2.12c

43.30 ± 3.71bc

42.36 ± 3.51bc

T3

51.47 ± 1.21a

52.46 ± 3.91a

45.73 ± 2.98a

46.93 ± 4.12a

48.24 ± 4.01a

46.99 ± 4.11a

TBARS μmol/L

 

T0 (Control)

6.97 ± 0.02a

7.51 ± 0.05a

10.15 ± 0.07a

9.30 ± 0.09a

8.08 ± 0.10a

8.63 ± 0.14a

T1

6.57 ± 0.01b

7.09 ± 0.51b

8.31 ± 0.42c

7.71 ± 0.01c

6.93 ± 0.42c

7.44 ± 0.53c

T2

6.76 ± 0.04a

7.28 ± 0.01a

9.64 ± 0.02b

8.88 ± 0.01b

7.75 ± 0.03b

8.21 ± 0.02b

T3

6.63 ± 0.01b

7.14 ± 0.03b

9.26 ± 0.01bc

8.54 ± 0.05bc

7.51 ± 0.04b

7.85 ± 0.03c

  1. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 05). Descriptive Statistics were applied to check the overall behavior of the study parameter to elaborate the effect of treatments on selected parameter of rats. Values in same column within each parameter with different letters were significantly different from each other
  2. NS Non Significant
  3. Study I: Normal rats
  4. Study II: Hypercholestrolemic rats
  5. Study III: Hyperglycemic rats
  6. T0: Control drink (without active ingredients)
  7. T1: Drink containing Theaflavin
  8. T2: Drink containing Thearubigins
  9. T3: Drink containing Theaflavin + Thearubigins