Table 4 Subgroup analyses for clinical characteristics and study quality
| Â | GFR | Proteinuria | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subgroups | Mean difference (95% CI) | I2 (%) | p Value | Mean difference (95% CI) | I2 (%) | p Value |
Type of diabetes | ||||||
 T1DM | 4.46 (−2.59, 11.51) | 90 | 0.21 | −3.23 (−7.03, 0.58) | 87 | 0.1 |
 T2DM | 1.61 (−0.57, 3.79) | 0 | 0.15 | 1.32 (0.17, 2.47) | 86 | 0.02 |
 Mixed | 0.19 (− 0.43,0.80) | 0 | 0.55 | −0.84 (−1.38,-0.29) | 7 | 0.003 |
BMI | ||||||
 BMI≤25 | 0.82 (− 11.12, 12.76) | 89 | 0.89 | −0.73 (−3.52, 2.06) | 58 | 0.61 |
 BMI > 25 | 0.22 (−0.35, 0.79) | 0 | 0.44 | 0.52 (−1.82, 2.86) | 98 | 0.66 |
Intervention period | ||||||
 < 12 months | 3.23 (−2.96, 9.42) | 87 | 0.31 | −0.04 (− 2.14, 2.06) | 68 | 0.97 |
 12-24 months | 2.44 (−3.94, 8.82) | 84 | 0.45 | −1.17 (− 3.70, 1.36) | 83 | 0.37 |
 > 24 months | 0.18 (−1.36, 1.72) | 0 | 0.82 | 4.19 (−2.75, 11.12) | 97 | 0.24 |
Course of DM | ||||||
 ≤ 10 years | 1.83 (−0.44, 4.10) | 0 | 0.11 | 3.93 (−0.33, 8.19) | 88 | 0.07 |
 > 10 years | 1.87 (−1.19, 4.93) | 85 | 0.23 | −2.14 (−4.29, 0.01) | 87 | 0.05 |