Adiposity mediates the association between whole grain consumption, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance: findings from the US NHANES

Table 4 Estimates of regression coefficients (95% CIs) for the association between BMI, WC, apVAT and markers of insulin resistance and inflammation (conceptual theory) among US adults

Outcomes	BMI			WC			apVAT
Outcomes	Estimate	95% CI	P	Estimate	95% CI	P	Estimate	95% CI	P
Serum Hs-CRP (mg/dl)	0.028	(0.026 to 0.029)	< 0.001	0.012	(0.011 to 0.012)	< 0.001	0.003	(0.002 to 0.003)	< 0.001
Serum Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL)	0.523	(0.440 to 0.607)	< 0.001	0.289	(0.253 to 0.326)	< 0.001	0.086	(0.068 to 0.104)	< 0.001
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)	0.876	(0.792 to 0.951)	< 0.001	0.402	(0.367 to 0.437)	< 0.001	0.088	(0.073 to 0.104)	< 0.001
Plasma Insulin (uU/mL)	0.058	(0.056 to 0.060)	< 0.001	0.026	(0.026 to 0.027)	< 0.001	0.007	(0.006 to 0.007)	< 0.001
HOMA_IR	0.066	(0.064 to 0.068)	< 0.001	0.030	(0.029to 0.031)	< 0.001	0.007	(0.006 to 0.007)	< 0.001
HOMA_B	0.037	(0.034 to 0.039)	< 0.001	0.017	(0.016to 0.018)	< 0.001	0.005	(0.004 to 0.005)	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	0.029	(0.027 to 0.031)	< 0.001	0.012	(0.011 to0.013)	< 0.001	0.003	(0.002 to 0.003)	< 0.001
2-h blood glucose(mg/dL)	1.532	(1.352 to 1.723)	< 0.001	0.709	(0.621 to0.769)	< 0.001	0.211	(0.175 to 0.246)	< 0.001
TyG index	0.029	(0.027 to 0.030)	< 0.001	0.015	(0.014 to 0.015)	< 0.001	0.004	(0.004 to 0.004)	< 0.001

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index, WC, waist circumference, apVAT, Anthropometrically-predicted visceral adipose tissue, HOMA_IR, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA_B, Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function HOMA_S; Homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity, TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index, Hs-CRP; high senility C-reactive protein. All estimates were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational, smoking and level of physical activity. Regression coefficient β is shown in Fig. 1

ISSN: 1476-511X