Impact of serum cholesterol esterification rates on the development of diabetes mellitus in a general population

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort

Characteristics	Total	Women	Men	P Value*
Number of subjects	1496	929	567
Age, years	55.7 ± 14.1	55.9 ± 14.1	55.3 ± 13.9	0.40
History of hypertension, %	30.3	31.8	28.0	0.12
Current smoker, %	20.6	1.9	51.1	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m²	22.5 ±2.9	22.5 ± 3.0	22.5 ± 2.8	0.85
Waist circumference, cm	72.2 ± 8.1	69.6 ± 7.1	76.8 ± 7.7	< 0.001
Waist/Hip	0.81± 0.07	0.78 ±0.06	0.85 ± 0.06	< 0.001
SBP, mmHg	132 ± 21	131 ± 21	134 ± 20	0.002
DBP, mmHg	77 ± 12	76 ± 12	79 ± 12	< 0.001
HbA1c, %	5.1 ± 0.4	5.1 ± 0.4	5.2 ± 0.4	< 0.001
Glucose, mmol/L	5.52 ± 0.70	5.52 ± 0.68	5.52 ± 0.74	0.93
IRI, U/mL	2.9 (1.7–5.5)	3.3 (1.9–5.6)	2.5 (1.3–4.8)	< 0.001
TC, mmol/L	5.16 ± 0.93	5.31 ± 0.93	4.92 ± 0.87	< 0.001
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.54 ± 0.38	1.58 ± 0.37	1.47 ± 0.37	< 0.001
Non-HDL-C, mmol/L	3.62 ± 0.38	3.73 ± 0.99	3.45 ± 0.94	< 0.001
TG, mmol/L	0.99 (0.71–1.42)	0.95 (0.68–1.33)	1.11 (0.78–1.61)	< 0.001
Phospholipids, mg/dL	220 ± 33	223 ± 32	214 ± 33	< 0.001
Free fatty acids, Eq/L	561 (265–854)	629 (292–912)	486 (231–755)	< 0.001
LCAT activity, nmol mL^-1 hr^-1	76.9 ± 21.4	75.6 ± 21.2	79.0 ± 21.5	0.003

Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations except IRI, TG, and free fatty acids which are given as the medians and the interquartile ranges in parentheses
^*P < 0.05 is considered to indicate statistically significant differences between men and women. The Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was used for the differences of IRI, TG and free fatty acids. The other continuous variables were estimated by Student’s t-test
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, IRI immunoreactive insulin, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TG triglyceride, LCAT lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase

ISSN: 1476-511X