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Table 4 The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes according to the number of out-of-range lipids in early pregnancy

From: Recommended reference values for serum lipids during early and middle pregnancy: a retrospective study from China

 

N (%)

GDM

OR

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

OR

PE

OR

Macrosomia

OR

LGA

OR

Preterm birth

OR

Total

OR

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

 

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Group A

10,793 (79.1%)

1895 (17.9%)

1

331 (3.1%)

1

170 (1.6%)

1

821 (7.6)

1

1733 (16.1%)

1

442 (4.1%)

1

3754 (34.8%)

1

Group B

2060 (15.1%)

568 (28.1%)

1.567 (1.400–1.753)

129 (6.4%)

1.840 (1.486–2.279)

65 (3.2%)

1.836 (1.367–2.466)

217 (10.5)

1.343 (1.143–1.578)

444 (21.6)

1.358 (1.206–1.530)

105 (5.1%)

1.178 (0.944–1.469)

1006 (48.8%)

1.604 (1.455–1.769)

Group C

662 (4.9%)

193 (29.7%)

1.667 (1.391–1.998)

50 (7.7%)

2.132 (1.551–2.930)

24 (3.7%)

1.966 (1.261–3.006)

59 (8.9)

1.025 (0.771–1.362)

147 (22.2%)

1.310 (1.079–1.592)

40 (6.0%)

1.417 (1.005–1.996)

332 (50.2%)

1.618 (1.376–1.903)

Group D

131 (1%)

50 (38.8%)

2.318 (1.596–3.368)

10 (7.7%)

2.039 (1. 048–3.965)

4 (3.1%)

1.588 (0.576–4.380)

18 (13.7)

1.570 (0.934–2.639)

39 (29.8%)

1.856 (1.261–2.731)

5 (3.8%)

0.898 (0.363–2.217)

78 (59.5%)

2.241 (1.560–3.220)

  1. Abbreviations: TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipid cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipid cholesterol, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, PE preeclampsia, LGA large for gestational age; Group A, no ‘out-of-range’ lipid profile; Group B, one ‘out-of-range’ lipid; Group C, two ‘out-of-range’ lipids; Group D, three or four ‘out-of-range’ lipids
  2. Adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, educational level and gestational age at the time of lipid measurement